Abstract: Crop straw is a kind of biomass resource with abundant reserves, huge economic potential and renewable, and rational utilization of straw resources and improvement of comprehensive utilization level of crop straw are of great significance to protect natural ecological environment, increase farmers' agricultural economic income and implement national carbon emission reduction strategy．According to relevant data of Yunnan Statistical Yearbook from 2022 to 2023 and relevant data released by Yunnan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in previous years, current situation of comprehensive utilization of straw in Yunnan Province was analyzed from perspective of straw collection, straw distribution and specific treatment methods, and it was found that main problems hindering improvement of comprehensive utilization level of crop straw in Yunnan Province were as follows: regional characteristics affected supply balance of straw resources; there was a lack of a comprehensive storage system, secondary deep processing products, advanced processing technology and equipment．These issues have limited development of straw utilization industry, and targeted countermeasures and suggestions have been proposed to improve comprehensive utilization level of straw in Yunnan Province．