Abstract: To address challenges of abstruse theories and detachment from agricultural production practice in Mechanical Optimization Design course, a teaching reform model has been developed to cultivate advanced application abilities．Relying on pathway that integrates science and education with theory and practice, model first reconstructs knowledge system into four modules and employs visual scenario-based teaching and heuristic reverse method to resolve theoretical difficulties．Secondly, it establishes a full-process case library centered on vineyard sprayer, guiding students through whole process practical training from physical modeling to algorithmic solutions．Finally, evaluation system is reformed by increasing process evaluation weight and course papers to 60%．Practice has indicated that this model significantly enhances students' ability to solve complex engineering problems, increases application rate of algorithms in actual agricultural machinery problems by over 45%, and has yielded multiple research outcomes．This study achieves an organic integration of mathematical theory and agricultural engineering practice, providing a replicable paradigm for graduate course construction under background of new agricultural science．