Abstract: Driven by both energy transformation and carbon emission reduction, electric agricultural machinery is developing rapidly．In response to problems of poor thermal stability and susceptibility to vibration in lithium-ion batteries of heavy-duty unmanned electric tractors under complex field operating conditions, a thermal vibration coupling analysis model for battery module heat dissipation structure has been established based on thermal vibration coupling theory, combined with operational load characteristics and vibration excitation characteristics of heavy-duty unmanned electric tractors．This model systematically analyzed battery temperature field distribution, vibration response, and their effects on heat dissipation performance under different operating conditions．With the highest battery temperature, temperature difference uniformity, and structural dynamic response as optimization objectives, a thermal vibration coupling performance analysis was conducted on heat dissipation structure parameters and layout form, and proposed scheme effectiveness was verified through bench tests．Results have showen that, after introducing vibration factors, equivalent contact thermal resistance between battery module and heat dissipation structure increased, the highest battery temperature increased by 4 to 5 °C compared to thermal only model, and module temperature difference increased by 2 °C．In addition, thermal vibration coupling analysis model controlled prediction error for battery temperature rise and temperature uniformity within 5%, which was better than thermal only model．Optimized heat dissipation structure could effectively reduce the maximum battery temperature, improve temperature distribution uniformity, and also weaken structural vibration response．