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滴灌带孔间距与垄高互作对植烟土壤水分与烤烟生长的影响

Effects of interaction between drip irrigation tape hole spacing and ridge height on soil moisture and flue-cured tobacco growth

    摘要
  • 摘要: 为探究滴灌带孔间距与垄高互作对土壤水分和烤烟生长的影响，在湖南省永州市江华瑶族自治县白芒营旱地烟叶生产基地，以云烟87为试验品种，设置膜下滴灌带孔间距（W）和起垄高度（H）2个因素试验，滴灌带孔间距分别为20 （W1）、30 （W2）、50 cm（W3）和高垄40 cm（H1）、标准垄30 cm（H2），共6个处理，研究不同处理下土壤水分、烤烟农艺性状、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量、经济性状及内在化学成分的变化。结果表明，滴灌带孔间距显著影响各时期土壤含水量（P<0.05），W1处理灌溉后1 d土壤含水量最高，并且与垄高在成熟期存在显著互作（P<0.05）。W2H1处理株高、茎围及最大叶面积最优，W3处理长势最弱；W3H2处理脯氨酸和丙二醛含量最高；W1H1处理膜损伤最轻丙二醛1.56 μmol/g鲜质量（简称FW）。气温与滴灌带孔间距（W）、降雨与滴灌带孔间距（W）、滴灌带孔间距（W）与垄高（H）对脯氨酸和丙二醛均有显著或极显著交互作用（P<0.05或0.01）。W2处理产量和上中等烟比例更高，W1H1处理产值最高；W2H1还原糖、糖碱比和氮碱比最为协调。综上，W1H1处理尤其适用于春季干旱风险大、夏季排水要求高的旱地烤烟生产地区，W2H1处理为获得高品质烟叶生产的最优组合，并且可兼顾抗旱与耐涝能力。

     

    Abstract: To investigate effects of interaction between drip irrigation tape hole spacing and ridge height on soil moisture and flue-cured tobacco growth, a field experiment was conducted at Baimangying dryland tobacco production base in Jianghua Yao Autonomous County, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province．Using tobacco variety Yunyan 87, a two-factor experiment was tested to examine effects of under-film drip irrigation tape hole spacing（W）and ridge height（H）．Drip irrigation tape hole spacings were set at 20 cm（W1）, 30 cm（W2）, and 50 cm（W3）, and ridge heights of 40 cm（H1）and 30 cm（H2）, resulting in six treatments．Changes in soil moisture, agronomic traits, proline and malondialdehyde（MDA）contents, economic traits, and internal chemical composition were examined under different treatments．Results have shown that drip irrigation tape hole spacing significantly affected soil moisture content at various growth stages（P < 0.05）．W1 treatment had the highest soil water content 1 day after irrigation, and there was a significant interaction between hole spacing and ridge height at maturity stage（P < 0.05）．W2H1 treatment yielded optimal plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area, while W3 treatment exhibited the weakest growth．W3H2 treatment produced the highest proline and MDA contents．W1H1 treatment showed the least membrane damage（MDA content of 1.56 μmol/gFW）．Significant or highly significant interactive effects（P < 0.05 or P < 0.01）were observed between temperature and drip irrigation tape hole spacing（W）, rainfall and drip irrigation tape hole spacing（W）, and drip irrigation tape hole spacing（W）and ridge height（H）for both proline and MDA．W2 treatment achieved higher yield and superior proportion and upper- and middle-grade tobacco, while W1H1 treatment yielded the highest output value．W2H1 treatment exhibited the most balanced levels of reducing sugar content, sugar-to-nicotine ratio, and nitrogen-to-nicotine ratio．In conclusion, W1H1 treatment has been particularly suitable for dryland flue-cured tobacco production areas with high risks of spring drought and high drainage requirements in summer, W2H1 treatment has been identified as optimal combination for producing high-quality tobacco leaves, while providing both drought tolerance and waterlogging resistance．

     

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