Abstract: Excellent germplasm resources serve as material foundation for wheat genetic improvement and continuous cultivar renewal．To efficiently identify germplasm resources with clear breeding functions from successful cultivars currently promoted in Henan Province, 38 leading wheat cultivars released between 2023 and 2025 were selected as research objects．By comprehensively applying phenotypic variation analysis, genetic diversity index, principal component analysis（PCA）, and entropy weight TOPSIS method, a multi-model germplasm screening and classification framework has been established, integrating PCA, TOPSIS evaluation, and pedigree tracing．Results have shown that yield and quality traits still possess significant potential for improvement（coefficient of variation from 6.84% to 9.21%）, among which variation in stability duration was the most abundant（69.45%）．Three core factors have been extracted by PCA（cumulative contribution rate 64.452%）, representing comprehensive yield and quality factor, trade-off factor between plant type and quality, and grain number per spike．On this basis, combined with TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation, excellent germplasm was divided into three types: high-yield and high-quality synergistic types（e.g., Zhongmai 578, Xinmai 45）, balanced-trait types（e.g., Xinmai 26）, and feature-prominent types（e.g., Puxing No.5）．Genetic diversity analysis has indicated that plant height and grain number per spike had the highest diversity（index 2.05）, while yield had the lowest diversity（1.55）．Pedigree analysis further revealed that current high-yield, high-quality synergistic germplasm mostly originated from optimized combinations of core parental lines such as Aikang 58, Zhoumai 16, and Zhoumai 22．However, high-frequency use of core parental lines has led to a narrowed genetic basis within population．This study systematically screened and functionally classified core breeding materials currently in extension system, providing a clear resource list and theoretical basis for precise selection of parental lines, traits' targeted pyramiding, and germplasm resources expansion in future modular breeding efforts．