Abstract: In recent years，along with the rapid growth of global economy，and sharp rise in consumption of fossil resources such as oil and coal，fossil energy shortage crisis is imminent，the attention of renewable energy sources such as biomass can gradually into a hot spot，the research and development of cellulose fuel ethanol has attracted many attentions in world. Improving level of lignocellulose biomass to liquid fuel and economy，have become the urgent task facing the current. In support of country and scientific research personnel，with help of straw fuel ethanol technology in China has made outstanding achievements，in the collection，storage and shipment of straw，raw material pretreatment，enzymatic hydrolysis，pentose fermentation，key technologies has made breakthrough. But residue rich in lignin in the production process has not been further development and utilization. Therefore，development and utilization of residue rich in lignin could fundamentally improve economic benefit of straw fuel ethanol production process，and will be an energy saving，environmental protection and make full use of natural resources for integration of systems engineering.