Abstract: Shandong is a large agricultural province，and its water resources are extremely scarce.Agricultural water is still a major water use item.On premise of ensuring food security，combined with content of agricultural supply side reform in Shandong province，from perspective of planting benefits and water-saving benefits，multi-objective optimization model was used to adjust crop planting structure.Results showed that，structure of crop cultivation in Shandong province has changed from original grain with ratio of 3∶1 to grain，economics，and feeding with ratio of 10∶5∶1 after adjustment，net profit of wheat，corn，rice，cotton，peanut，soybean and vegetable planting increased 5.949 billion yuan compared with that before adjustment，and water consumption of agriculture after adjustment saved 4.906 6 million m3 compared with that before adjustment.Optimal adjustment of planting structure had achieved the goal of agricultural water saving，increased agricultural output value，and increase of forage planting proportion was also in line with direction of agricultural supply side reform and adjustment.