Abstract: By analyzing natural grade distribution characteristics of arable land quality，overall situation of cultivated land quality in the Yunnan province were overall grasped，with a view of providing a scientific basis for unified management and protection of cultivated land within the region and balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation.Based on annual update evaluation data of Yunnan province，the area-weighted average method，spatial analysis and mathematical statistics were used to analyze the natural and other distribution characteristics of cultivated land in the province and the states（cities）in 2015.Results showed that the natural grade of cultivated land in the province was medium to low，and the main reasons for change of cultivated land were land development and consolidation reclamation，construction occupation and implementation of the balance policy.It provides a scientific basis for management and protection of cultivated land in the region.