Abstract: Farmland mulching is one of agricultural protective technologies，which can improve soil physical and chemical properties，store water and conserve soil moisture，regulate soil temperature and so on.Based on introduction of importance of farmland cover measures，and according to research results of impact of farmland cover on farmland soil ecological environment in recent years at home and abroad，effects of straw mulching and plastic film mulching on soil temperature，moisture，nutrients，soil enzyme activities and soil microorganisms were discussed.Problems and solutions of straw mulching and plastic film mulching were analyzed.Finally，future research direction of farmland cover was prospected，aiming to provide reference and basis for research of farmland cover technology.