Experiment on Indexes of Sandstorm Hazard in Cotton Seedling Stage
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摘要:
风沙危害对棉花苗期生长的影响及其定量指标的构建对于评估风沙灾害对棉花产量的影响具有重要的指导意义。通过不同风速、风向、持续时间的风沙模拟试验,开展风沙灾害对棉花生长的危害程度研究,得到棉花苗期(1真叶到5真叶)风沙危害的指标。结果表明:从1真叶至3真叶,棉苗抗风沙能力随生长进程的推进不断增强,苗期的棉花幼苗对风沙的抵抗能力在5真叶期发生突变;风沙对棉花苗期的影响划分为3个阶段,8~14 m/s为影响增长阶段,14~17 m/s为影响严重阶段,>17 m/s为损毁阶段。实际生产过程中可根据具体天气预报,结合棉花苗期风沙危害指标,采取适当的风沙天气预防措施。
Abstract:Impact of sandstorm hazard on cotton seedling growth and construction of quantitative indicators have important guiding significance for evaluating impact of sandstorm hazard on cotton yield. Through sand simulation experiments of different wind speeds, directions and durations, damage degree of sandstorm hazard to cotton growth was studied, and indicators of sandstorm hazard in cotton seedling stage(one true leaf to five true leaves)were obtained. Results showed that, from one true leaf to three true leaves, ability of cotton seedlings to resist sandstorm hazard increased with progress of growth, and resistance of cotton seedlings to sandstorm hazard at seedling stage changed abruptly at five true leaf stage. Effect of sandstorm hazard on cotton seedling stage divided into three stages, 8~14 m/s was affected growth stage, 14~17 m/s was severely affected stage, and more than 17 m/s was damaged stage. In actual production process, appropriate preventive measures for sandstorm weather could be taken according to specific weather forecast and combined with sandstorm hazard indicators at cotton seedling stage.
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Keywords:
- sandstorm /
- cotton /
- seedling stage /
- simulation experiment /
- hazard indicator
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表 1 棉花幼苗受灾等级指标划分
Table 1. Classification of disaster grade indicators for cotton seedlings
灾害等级 轻微 轻度 中度 重度 死亡 棉花受损形态指标 半数以内叶片边缘轻度失水,1 h恢复正常 半数以上叶片边缘轻度失水,24~48 h恢复正常 半数以上叶片失水,96 h内未恢复 大多数叶片失水卷曲,叶片受到功能性损伤 绝大多数棉株失水严重,干枯死亡 表 2 随风含沙尘与不含沙尘对棉苗的影响
Table 2. Effects of wind with and without sand and dust on cotton seedlings
风速/(m•s−1) 是否挟沙尘 持续时间/min 风向 纵 横 8 否 10 轻微 轻微 是 10 轻微 轻微 否 60 轻度 轻度 是 60 轻度 中度 10 否 10 轻度 轻度 是 10 轻度 中度 否 60 轻度 轻度 是 60 重度 重度 表 3 风沙对不同发育期棉花幼苗的影响
Table 3. Effects of sandstorm hazard on cotton seedlings at different developmental stages
风速/(m•s−1) 持续时间/min 1真叶 2真叶 3真叶 5真叶 纵风向 横风向 纵风向 横风向 纵风向 横风向 纵风向 横风向 6 90 轻微 轻微 轻微 轻微 轻微 轻微 轻微 轻微 8 10 轻度 轻度 轻度 轻度 轻微 轻微 轻微 轻微 20 中度 轻度 中度 重度 轻微 轻微 轻微 轻度 30 中度 轻度 中度 重度 轻微 轻微 轻度 中度 60 重度 重度 重度 重度 轻度 中度 轻度 中度 90 — — 重度 重度 轻度 中度 轻度 中度 10 10 轻微 轻度 轻微 轻微 轻度 中度 轻微 轻度 20 轻度 轻度 中度 中度 轻度 中度 轻度 轻度 30 死亡 死亡 重度 重度 轻度 中度 中度 中度 60 — — 死亡 死亡 重度 重度 重度 死亡 12 5 轻微 轻度 — — — — — — 10 中度 重度 轻度 轻度 轻度 中度 中度 中度 20 死亡 死亡 中度 中度 中度 重度 重度 死亡 14 5 轻度 轻度 — — — — — — 10 重度 重度 重度 重度 轻度 重度 重度 死亡 20 — — 重度 重度 中度 重度 重度 死亡 17 5 重度 重度 重度 中度 中度 重度 重度 重度 10 — — 重度 重度 中度 重度 死亡 死亡 表 4 棉花苗期风沙危害指标
Table 4. Indexes of sandstorm hazard in cotton seedling stage
灾害等级 棉花受损形态指标 气象指标要素 风速/(m•s−1) 持续时间/min 轻度 叶片边缘轻度失
水,24~48 h恢
复正常8 20~60 10 10~20 12 5~10 14 ≤5 中度 半数以上叶片失
水,96 h内未恢复8 >60 10 20~30 12 10~15 17 ≤5 重度 大多数叶片失水卷
曲,叶片受到功能
性损伤10 30~45 12 15~20 14 10~20 17 5~10 死亡 绝大多数棉株失水
严重,干枯死亡10 >45 12 >20 14 >20 17 ≥10 -
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