Design and Test of Riding Multi-function Agricultural Vehicle
-
摘要:
水稻是我国主要粮食作物,一年最多可以种3季,使用乘坐式高速插秧机种植水稻,其每年作业时间为60 d左右。为了增加高速插秧机利用率、降低农户生产成本,研发设计了乘坐式多功能农用车。该农用车以高速插秧机底盘为行走部件,设计两根动力输出轴,通过搭载耕、种、管、收等功能部件,实现了水稻生产全程机械化。该机具田间试验作业效果良好,推广应用前景广阔。
Abstract:Rice is main grain crop in China, which can be planted for up to three crops a year. When riding high-speed transplanter is used to plant rice, its annual operation time is about 60 days. In order to increase utilization rate of high-speed rice transplanter and reduce production cost of farmers, a riding multi-function agricultural vehicle was developed and designed. This agricultural vehicle used chassis of high-speed rice transplanter as walking part, and two power output shafts were designed. Whole process mechanization of rice production was realized by carrying functional components such as tillage, seeding, management and harvesting. Its field experiment results was good, and its popularization and application prospects was broad.
-
图 1 乘坐式多功能农用车传动系统结构
1. 右后轮轴 2. 耕整动力输出轴(联轴器内) 3. 插植动力输出轴 4. 后桥动力输出轴 5. 左后轮轴 6. 变速箱内齿轮副组合 7. 液压无级变速器 8. 变速器胶带轮 9. 耕整胶带轮 10. 发动机胶带带轮 11. 左前轮轴 12. 耕整输入轴 13. 离合器 14. 减速齿轮副(变速箱右箱盖内)15. 联轴器 16. 右前轮轴 17. 中间轴 18. 减速齿轮副(后桥中间齿轮箱内)
Figure 1. Transmission system structure of riding multi-functionagricultural vehicle
表 1 乘坐式多功能农用车主要技术参数
Table 1. Main technical parameters of riding multi-function agricultural vehicle
指标 参数 驱动形式 四轮驱动 发动机功率/kW 18 发动机额定转速/(r•min–1) 3000 作业速度/(m•s–1) 0~1.65 变速方式 液压无级变速+机械变速 插植动力输出轴转速/(r•min–1) 400~900(6挡齿轮变速) 耕整动力输出轴转速/(r•min–1) 760(发动机额定转速时) 表 2 部分作业机具主要技术参数
Table 2. Main technical parameters of some work tools
作业机具 指标 参数 苗台
(插秧机)插秧行数 6、8 行距/cm 20、25、30、18/32 穴距/cm 11、13、15、18、21、25 直播机 种子箱容量/L 80(10×8)、100(10×10) 直播行数 8、10 行距/cm 25、30 播种量/(粒•穴–1) 5~10 中耕除草机 除草行数(株间) 6 除草方式(株间) 草耙耙草 除草行数(行间) 7 除草方式(行间) 滚轮碾草 水田开沟机 开沟行数 1 开沟宽度/cm 15(底部) 开沟深度/cm 20 旋耕机 幅宽/m 1.25 刀辊转速/(r•min–1) 0~270 耕深/cm 0~12 喷药机
(悬挂式)药箱容量/L 200 喷杆长度/m 7.2 喷头数量 12 隔膜泵流量/(L•min–1) 80 -
[1] 国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京: 中国统计出版社, 2021. [2] 王凤艳,初江.高速乘坐式插秧机市场前景分析[J].农机使用与维修,2015(2):87-88. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2538.2015.02.073 [3] 浙江星莱和农业装备有限公司.一种农用车: 202121950024.5[P].2022-01-04. [4] 浙江星莱和农业装备有限公司.一种农耕机: 202123229001.8[P].2022-06-07. [5] 浙江星莱和农业装备有限公司.一种悬挂机构以及农耕机: 202123228988.1[P].2022-07-05. [6] 浙江星莱和农业装备有限公司.一种水平检测机构以及农耕机: 202123226496.9[P].2022-07-05. [7] 王臣,孙永年,赵赤岩,等.高速插秧机用液压机械变速器无级调速特性分析及其应用[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2014,52(1):32- 35,42. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-3142.2014.01.008WANG Chen,SUN Yongnian,ZHAO Chiyan,et a.Analysis on stepless speed regulation characteristics of hydro-mechanical transmission of high-speed rice transplanter and its applications[J].Agricultural Equipment & Vehicle Engineering,2014,52(1):32- 35,42. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-3142.2014.01.008