Occurrence Regularity,Suitable Meteorological Indexes,and Prevention and Control Technology of Main Pests in Rizhao Tea Area
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摘要:
为科学防治茶树虫害,对影响日照茶区的小绿叶蝉、绿盲蝽、黑刺粉虱和螨类4种主要虫害发生发展规律进行分析,介绍了4种主要虫害各发育期适宜发生的气象指标,并进行了病虫害防治试验。结果表明,无农残生态防治是当前及未来茶园防治病虫害的主要模式,日照茶树主要虫害气象指标可作为指导北方茶园防治虫害的参考依据。
Abstract:In order to prevent and control pests of tea trees scientifically, occurrence and development regularity of four main pests affecting Rizhao tea area was analyzed, including little green leafhopper, green bug, aleurocanthus spiniferus and mites. Meteorological indexes suitable for occurrence of four main pests in each development period were introduced. Experiment on pest control was carried. Results showed that non residue ecological control was main model of pest control in tea plantations at present and in the future. Meteorological indexes of main insect pests of Rizhao tea trees could be used as reference for guiding control of insect pests in tea gardens in northern China.
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Keywords:
- pest /
- tea tree /
- meteorological indexes /
- prevention and control technology /
- Rizhao City
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表 1 日照茶区小绿叶蝉适宜发生气象指标
Table 1. Meteorological indexes suitable for occurrence of small green leafhopper in Rizhao tea area
发育期 平均
气温/°C相对
湿度/%降水
量/mm日照
时数/h越冬成虫期(4月下旬) 16.5~18.5 ≥60 ≥15.0 ≤75.0 第1代若虫期(5月上旬) 18.5~20.5 ≥65 ≥20.0 ≤80.0 第1高峰期(5月下旬至6月上旬) 22.0~24.0 ≥70 ≥45.0 ≤165.0 第2高峰期(8月下旬至9月中旬) 23.0~24.5 ≥80 ≥135.0 ≤130.0 表 2 日照茶区绿盲蝽适宜发生气象指标
Table 2. Meteorological indexes suitable for occurrence of green bug in Rizhao tea area
发育期 平均
气温/°C相对
湿度/%降水
量/mm日照
时数/h虫卵孵化期(4月上旬至中旬) 11.5~13.5 ≥60 ≥25.0 ≤130.0 若虫期(4月下旬至5月中旬) 16.5~18.5 ≥65 ≥55.0 ≤220.0 成虫期(5月中旬至6月上旬) 17.0~19.0 ≥65 ≥75.0 ≤220.0 表 3 日照茶区黑刺粉虱适宜发生气象指标
Table 3. Meteorological indexes suitable for occurrence of aleurocanthus spiniferus in Rizhao tea area
发育期 平均气温/°C 相对湿度/% 降水量/mm 日照时数/h 第1代 虫卵越冬期(上年12月至次年2月) ≥0.5 / / / 虫卵孵化期(4月下旬至5月上旬) 17.5~19.5 ≥60 ≥40.0 ≤140.0 若虫期(5月中旬至下旬) 20.5~22.5 ≥65 ≥55.0 ≤150.0 成虫期(5月下旬至6月上旬) 22.5~24.5 ≥70 ≥50.0 ≤150.0 第2代 虫卵孵化期(7月上旬) 25.5~27.5 ≥80 ≥60.0 ≤60.0 若虫期(7月中旬至下旬) 26.5~28.5 ≥85 ≥150.0 ≤115.0 成虫期(7月下旬至8月上旬) 27.0~29.0 ≥85 ≥130.0 ≤120.0 第3代 虫卵孵化期(8月上旬) 26.5~28.5 ≥85 ≥70.0 ≤60.0 若虫期(8月中旬) 25.5~27.5 ≥85 ≥90.0 ≤55.0 成虫期(8月下旬至9月上旬) 24.0~26.0 ≥85 ≥120.0 ≤110.0 第4代 虫卵孵化期(9月中旬) 21.5~23.5 ≥80 ≥30.0 ≤60.0 若虫期(9月下旬至10月上旬) 19.0~21.0 ≥75 ≥35.0 ≤120.0 成虫期(10月上旬至中旬 17.0~19.0 ≥70 ≥40.0 ≤115.0 表 4 日照茶区螨类适宜发生气象指标
Table 4. Meteorological indexes suitable for occurrence of mites in Rizhao tea area
发育期 平均气温/°C 相对湿度/% 降水量/mm 暴雨日数/d 日照时数/h 第1高峰期(5月中旬) ≥19.5 ≥65 ≥30.0 0 ≥85.0 第2高峰期(8月下旬至9月上旬) ≥24.0 ≥80 ≥120.0 ≤1 ≥150.0 表 5 叶之峰茶园豌豆地附近绿盲蝽数量调查
Table 5. Investigation on number of green bug near pea field of Yezhifeng tea garden
单位:头/hm2 调查范围 5月10日 5月15日 5月20日 5月25日 距离豌豆50 m茶园 120 150 210 180 距离豌豆100 m茶园 255 225 270 240 豌豆地 1050 2040 4395 4590 表 6 不同品种茶树主要害虫危害程度对比
Table 6. Comparison of damage degree of main pests in different tea varieties
品种 小绿叶蝉 绿盲蝽 黑刺粉虱 螨类 当地群体 中等 中等 重 重 鸠坑 重 重 中等 中等 龙井43 重 未发现 重 重 褚叶群体 严重 严重 严重 重 -
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