双圆盘式固体肥料抛撒机抛撒性能试验

禹振军; 赵铁伦; 安红艳; 贾生; 胡浩; 扶明开; 刘旺; 盛顺

doi:10.19998/j.cnki.2095-1795.2022.08.003

双圆盘式固体肥料抛撒机抛撒性能试验

doi: 10.19998/j.cnki.2095-1795.2022.08.003

1.
北京市农业机械试验鉴定推广站，北京 100079
2.
北京市房山区农业机械技术推广站，北京 102400

详细信息

作者简介:
禹振军，大学，主要从事农业机械研究推广及检测工作E-mail：yuzhenjun2008@126.com

中图分类号: S224.2
计量
- 文章访问数: 46
- HTML全文浏览量: 7
- PDF下载量: 9
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-16
- 修回日期: 2022-05-31
- 出版日期: 2022-08-20

Dispersal Performance Test of Double Disc Solid Fertilizer Spreader

1.
Beijing Agricultural Machinery Experiment Appraisal Popularize Station，Beijing 100079，China
2.
Beijing Fangshan District Agricultural Machinery Technology Promotion Station，Beijing 102400，China

摘要

摘要:
为增加有机质、氮、磷、钾等土壤养分，提升耕地质量总体水平，加大粪肥、有机肥施用量，提高抛撒效率及抛撒均匀性，研究了双圆盘式抛撒机作业速度、抛撒盘转速、排肥口开度3个因素对抛撒效率、抛撒均匀性的影响。试验结果表明：影响抛撒效率的因素主次顺序为作业速度＞排肥口开度＞抛撒盘转速，最优组合为作业速度6 km/h、排肥口开度70%、抛撒盘转速90 r/min；影响抛撒均匀性的因素主次顺序为作业速度＞抛撒盘转速＞排肥口开度，最优组合为作业速度6 km/h、抛撒盘转速120 r/min、排肥口开度70%。综合分析得知，抛撒作业速度是抛撒效率和抛撒均匀性的最大影响因素。
- 粪肥 /
- 有机肥 /
- 肥料抛撒机 /
- 抛撒效率 /
- 抛撒均匀性
Abstract:
In order to increase organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other soil nutrients, improve overall level of cultivated land quality, increase application amount of manure and organic fertilizer, improve throwing efficiency and throwing uniformity, effects of three factors on throwing efficiency and throwing uniformity, namely, operating speed of double disc spreader, speed of throwing disc, and opening of fertilizer outlet, were studied． Test results showed that factors affecting throwing efficiency were operating speed>opening of fertilizer outlet>speed of throwing tray． Optimal combination was operating speed 6 km/h, opening of fertilizer outlet 70%, and speed of throwing tray 90 r/min． Factors affecting throwing uniformity were operation speed>speed of throwing tray>opening of fertilizer outlet． Optimal combination was operation speed 6 km/h, speed of throwing tray 120 r/min, and opening of fertilizer outlet 70%． Through comprehensive analysis, it was known that speed of throwing operation was the biggest factor affecting throwing efficiency and uniformity．
- manure /
- organic fertilizer /
- fertilizer spreader /
- throwing efficiency /
- throwing uniformity

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图 1 双圆盘式抛撒机结构

1. 牵引架　2. 液压系统　3. 传动系统　4. 行走系统5. 肥箱　6. 撒施装置

Figure 1. Structure of double disc spreader

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图 2 试验场景

Figure 2. Test scenario

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图 3 抛撒示意

Figure 3. Sketch map of throwing

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图 4 抛撒效率主效应

Figure 4. Main effect of throwing efficiency

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图 5 抛撒均匀性主效应

Figure 5. Main effect of throwing uniformity

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表 1 双圆盘式抛撒机技术参数

Table 1. Technical parameters of double disc spreader

名称	数值
外形尺寸（L×B×H ）/（m×m×m）	3.8×1.76×1.6
配套动力/kW（hp）	29.4（40）
肥箱容积/m³	3
抛撒宽度/m	4～10
PTO转速/（r•min⁻¹）	540
轮距/m	1.5
肥料输送方式	液压+矿链刮板

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表 2 正交试验因素水平

Table 2. Orthogonal test factor and level

水平	因素
水平	作业速度 A/（km•h⁻¹）	抛撒盘转速 B/（r•min⁻¹）	排肥口开度 C/%
1	4	60	50
2	5	90	60
3	6	120	70

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表 3 试验设计与试验结果

Table 3. Test design and test results

试验号	A	B	C	抛撒效率/（hm²•h⁻¹）	抛撒均匀性/%
1	A₁	B₁	C₁	1.71	63.8
2	A₁	B₂	C₂	1.96	69.7
3	A₁	B₃	C₃	2.37	75.4
4	A₂	B₁	C₂	3.04	72.1
5	A₂	B₂	C₃	3.68	76.6
6	A₂	B₃	C₁	2.74	80.3
7	A₃	B₁	C₃	4.68	81.8
8	A₃	B₂	C₁	3.98	85.2
9	A₃	B₃	C₂	4.39	91.5

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表 4 抛撒效率统计分析

Table 4. Statistical analysis of throwing efficiency

项目	抛撒效率/（hm²•h⁻¹）
项目	A	B	C
K_1/3	2.01	3.15	2.81
K_2/3	3.15	3.21	3.13
K_3/3	4.35	3.17	3.58
极差	2.34	0.06	0.77
最优组合	A₃C₃B₂

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表 5 抛撒均匀性统计分析

Table 5. Statistical analysis of throwing uniformity

项目	抛撒均匀性/%
项目	A	B	C
K_1/3	69.6	72.6	76.4
K_2/3	76.3	77.2	77.8
K_3/3	86.2	82.1	77.9
极差	16.6	9.5	1.5
最优组合	A₃B₃C₃

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参考文献(10)

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