Research Progress of Remote Sensing Multi-spectral Imaging in Analyzing Soil Composition
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摘要:
土壤中营养成分的变化关乎农业的生产质量,其中水分、有机质、氮、磷、钾等养分信息是土壤肥力的关键,因此获取农田土壤成分信息对农田管理有重要意义。传统土壤检测方法烦琐复杂、费时费力、效率低下,难以满足现代农业发展的需要。随着遥感技术的不断发展与成熟,基于低空尺度的农业无人机和基于高空尺度的卫星平台弥补了地面监测的空缺与不足,飞行器搭载的多光谱传感器在土壤信息的快速、无损、实时获取领域表现出巨大潜力。介绍了多光谱技术特点,概括了遥感多光谱成像技术检测土壤成分的一般步骤,重点阐述了多光谱技术在检测土壤有机质、水分、盐分等方面的研究进展,探讨了遥感多光谱技术在解析土壤成分中涉及的主要方法,最后对农业遥感多光谱成像解析土壤成分进行了思考与展望。
Abstract:Change in nutrient composition in soil is related to quality of agricultural production.Nutrient information such as water, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is the key to soil fertility.Therefore, obtaining farmland soil composition information is of great significance to farmland management.Traditional soil testing methods are cumbersome, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and inefficient, making it difficult to meet needs of modern agricultural development.With continuous development and maturity of remote sensing technology, agricultural drones based on low-altitude scales and satellite platforms based on high-altitude scales have made up for vacancies and deficiencies of ground monitoring scales.The field of lossless, real-time acquisition shows great potential.Characteristics of multi-spectral technology were introduced, general steps of remote sensing multi-spectral imaging technology to detect soil components were summarized, focusing on research progress of multi-spectral technology in detection of soil organic matter, moisture, salinity, etc.Main methods involved in soil composition were finally considered and prospected in analysis of soil composition by agricultural remote sensing multi-spectral imaging.
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Keywords:
- soil /
- multi-spectral sensors /
- remote sensing /
- soil composition
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表 1 常用轻小型多光谱传感器
Table 1. Light and small multispectral sensors commonly used
传感器 波段数 波段/nm 分辨率/(px×px) ADC lite 3 红、绿、近红外 2048×1536 MicroCA 6波段 6 490、550、680、720、800、900 1280×1024 Parrot Sequoia 4 550、660、735、790 1280×960 RedEdge 5 475、560、668、717、840 1280×960 表 2 土壤主要成分及生理作用
Table 2. Main components and physiological effects of soil
主要成分 分类 生理作用 有机质 新鲜有机质、半分解有机质、腐殖质 作物养分的主要来源;增强土壤肥力,提高土壤持水性;改良土壤性质;促进土壤植物的生长发育 矿物质 沙砾、土粒和胶粒 为植物提供矿质营养;影响土壤肥力 水分 固态水、汽态水、束缚水、自由水等 为植物补充水分,帮助根系吸收养分;土壤有机物的分解;化学肥料的溶解 其他 盐分、空气、微生物等 盐分会影响植物的光合与呼吸作用、蛋白质的合成等;土壤空气影响根系的呼吸;土壤微生物可为植物提供营养,调节植物生长 表 3 常用于光谱数据与实测数据建模的回归算法
Table 3. Regression algorithms commonly used for spectral data and measured data modeling
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