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不同氮源对秸秆堆沤氮素损失的影响

徐雯琦 王志恒 王禾田 王丽霞 周永馨 邵蕾

徐雯琦,王志恒,王禾田,等.不同氮源对秸秆堆沤氮素损失的影响[J].农业工程,2022,12(11):51-58. doi: 10.19998/j.cnki.2095-1795.2022.11.009
引用本文: 徐雯琦,王志恒,王禾田,等.不同氮源对秸秆堆沤氮素损失的影响[J].农业工程,2022,12(11):51-58. doi: 10.19998/j.cnki.2095-1795.2022.11.009
XU Wenqi,WANG Zhiheng,WANG Hetian,et al.Effects of different nitrogen sources on nitrogen loss in straw composting[J].Agricultural Engineering,2022,12(11):51-58. doi: 10.19998/j.cnki.2095-1795.2022.11.009
Citation: XU Wenqi,WANG Zhiheng,WANG Hetian,et al.Effects of different nitrogen sources on nitrogen loss in straw composting[J].Agricultural Engineering,2022,12(11):51-58. doi: 10.19998/j.cnki.2095-1795.2022.11.009

不同氮源对秸秆堆沤氮素损失的影响

doi: 10.19998/j.cnki.2095-1795.2022.11.009
基金项目: 山东省科技攻关计划项目(2019GNC106124);中国农业大学烟台研究院科研项目(YT201909、YT201902)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    徐雯琦,本科生,专业方向为农业废弃物处理 E-mail:xuwenqi0131@163.com

    邵蕾,通信作者,博士,主要从事土壤肥料研究 E-mail:shaolei6751@163.com

  • 中图分类号: S628

Effects of Different Nitrogen Sources on Nitrogen Loss in Straw Composting

  • 摘要:

    试验以玉米秸秆为研究对象,比较以硫酸铵或尿素为氮源调节碳氮比后对纳米膜覆盖发酵过程中的NH3排放和堆沤产物氮素留存的影响,为减少秸秆好氧堆沤过程中的氮素损失提供参考依据。结果表明:堆沤7~60 d硫酸铵处理的发酵温度高于尿素处理;尿素处理膜内NH3最高浓度为0.045%,而硫酸铵处理自始至终膜内侧NH3未检测出;试验结束后尿素处理0和50 cm处的pH值分别上升至8.34和7.86,硫酸铵处理pH值分别下降至6.04和6.28;硫酸铵处理堆沤产物的干物质损失率、总养分含量、种子发芽指数和胡富比均高于尿素处理;相对于尿素处理,硫酸铵处理的氮素损失率减少了24.59%;除含水率外,尿素处理和硫酸铵处理堆沤产物的理化性质均符合NY/T 525—2021《有机肥料》的限量要求。

     

  • 图 1  堆体温度变化情况

    Figure 1.  Temperature changes of piles

    图 2  堆体含水率变化情况

    Figure 2.  Moisture content changes of piles

    图 3  堆体pH变化情况

    Figure 3.  pH changes of piles

    图 4  堆体膜内NH3浓度变化曲线

    Figure 4.  Variation curve of NH3 concentration in piles membrane

    图 5  堆体膜内 O2浓度变化曲线

    Figure 5.  Variation curve of O2 concentration in piles membrane

    图 6  堆体膜内CO2浓度变化曲线

    Figure 6.  Variation curve of CO2 concentration in piles membrane

    图 7  堆体有机质含量变化情况

    Figure 7.  Organic matter content changes of piles

    图 8  堆体全氮含量变化情况

    Figure 8.  Total nitrogen content changes of piles

    图 9  堆体全磷含量变化情况

    Figure 9.  Total phosphorus content changes of piles

    图 10  堆体全钾含量变化情况

    Figure 10.  Total potassium content changes of piles

    表  1  玉米秸秆理化性质

    Table  1.   Physical and chemical properties of corn straw

    含水率/%碳含量/%氮含量/%碳氮比(C/N)
    3250.310.7269.88
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  T1、T2处理的胡富比(CHA/CFA)变化

    Table  2.   CHA / CFA changes of T1 and T2 treatments

    堆沤时间/d306090120150180
    T10.32±0.02a0.54±0.03b0.70±0.05b1.04±0.10b1.54±0.11b1.61±0.09b
    T20.28±0.02a0.66±0.03a0.87±0.07a1.24±0.04a1.75±0.09a1.82±0.04a
    注:同列数据后相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),下同。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  不同处理的氮损失率

    Table  3.   Nitrogen loss rate of different treatments

    处理发酵物料发酵产物干物质损失率/%氮损失率/%氮损失减少率/%
    干物质质量/g含氮量/%干物质质量/g含氮量/%
    T15.57±0.23a3.36±0.09a3.89±0.21a1.78±0.09b30.16±0.09b54.24±1.44a
    T25.48±0.19a3.43±0.03a3.57±0.17b2.11±0.10a34.85±0.11a40.90±2.20b24.59±1.58
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  发芽率与发芽指数

    Table  4.   Germination rate and germination index

    组别发芽率/%根长/mm发芽指数/%
    蒸馏水对照90.52±3.37a 25.74±1.25a
    T180.33±2.89b26.6±0.71a91.71±4.21b
    T2 82.66±5.321b28.3±1.97a 100.40±3.21a
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  堆沤产物理化性质

    Table  5.   Physicochemical properties of composting

    检测项目技术要求T1T2
    全氮(N)质量分数(以烘干基计)/%/1.78±0.022.11±0.03
    全磷(P2O5)质量分数(以烘干基计)/%/0.42±0.060.46±0.08
    全钾(K2O)质量分数(以烘干基计)/%/2.85±0.063.04±0.03
    总养分(N+P2O5+K2O)/%≥4.05.05±0.145.61±0.17
    有机质质量分数(以烘干基计)/%≥3059.57±0.1155.63±0.09
    酸碱度,pH值5.5~8.58.10±0.516.16±0.29
    含水率/%≤3057.35±0.3256.24±0.27
    总砷(As)(以烘干基计)/( mg•kg−1≤150.21±0.010.19±0.03
    总镉(Cd)(以烘干基计)/( mg•kg−1≤30.14±0.010.15±0.02
    总铅(Pb)(以烘干基计)/( mg•kg−1≤5014.66±0.9315.23±0.73
    总铬(Cr)(以烘干基计)/( mg•kg−1≤15023.12±1.3024.45±2.09
    总汞(Hg)(以烘干基计)/( mg•kg−1≤20.11±0.020.12±0.01
    粪大肠杆菌数/(个•g−1≤1000±0.000±0.00
    蛔虫卵死亡率/%≥95100±0.00100±0.00
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-08-04
  • 修回日期:  2022-10-10
  • 出版日期:  2022-11-20

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