Effects of Different Nitrogen Sources on Nitrogen Loss in Straw Composting
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摘要:
试验以玉米秸秆为研究对象,比较以硫酸铵或尿素为氮源调节碳氮比后对纳米膜覆盖发酵过程中的NH3排放和堆沤产物氮素留存的影响,为减少秸秆好氧堆沤过程中的氮素损失提供参考依据。结果表明:堆沤7~60 d硫酸铵处理的发酵温度高于尿素处理;尿素处理膜内NH3最高浓度为0.045%,而硫酸铵处理自始至终膜内侧NH3未检测出;试验结束后尿素处理0和50 cm处的pH值分别上升至8.34和7.86,硫酸铵处理pH值分别下降至6.04和6.28;硫酸铵处理堆沤产物的干物质损失率、总养分含量、种子发芽指数和胡富比均高于尿素处理;相对于尿素处理,硫酸铵处理的氮素损失率减少了24.59%;除含水率外,尿素处理和硫酸铵处理堆沤产物的理化性质均符合NY/T 525—2021《有机肥料》的限量要求。
Abstract:In order to reduce nitrogen loss in process of corn straw aerobic composting, C/N value was adjusted by ammonium sulfate or urea, and ammonia emission and nitrogen retention in process of composting covered by nano membrane were tested.Results showed that fermentation temperature of ammonium sulfate treatment(T2)from 7 d to 60 d was higher than that of urea treatment(T1).The maximum concentration of NH3 in membrane of T1 was 0.045%, while NH3 was not detected in membrane of T2.Composting products' pH values at 0 cm and 50 cm of T1 increased to 8.34 and 7.86, which of T2 decreased to 6.04 and 6.28 respectively.Dry matter loss rate, total nutrient content, seed germination index and
C HA/C FA of composting products in T2 were higher than those in T1.Compared with T1, nitrogen loss rate of T2 was reduced by 24.59%.Except water content, physicochemical properties of composting products of T1 and T2 met requirements of NY/T 525—2021 "Organic Fertilizer".-
Keywords:
- straw /
- composting /
- nitrogen source /
- nano membrane /
- nitrogen loss
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表 1 玉米秸秆理化性质
Table 1. Physical and chemical properties of corn straw
含水率/% 碳含量/% 氮含量/% 碳氮比(C/N) 32 50.31 0.72 69.88 表 2 T1、T2处理的胡富比(CHA/CFA)变化
Table 2. CHA / CFA changes of T1 and T2 treatments
堆沤时间/d 30 60 90 120 150 180 T1 0.32±0.02a 0.54±0.03b 0.70±0.05b 1.04±0.10b 1.54±0.11b 1.61±0.09b T2 0.28±0.02a 0.66±0.03a 0.87±0.07a 1.24±0.04a 1.75±0.09a 1.82±0.04a 注:同列数据后相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),下同。 表 3 不同处理的氮损失率
Table 3. Nitrogen loss rate of different treatments
处理 发酵物料 发酵产物 干物质损失率/% 氮损失率/% 氮损失减少率/% 干物质质量/g 含氮量/% 干物质质量/g 含氮量/% T1 5.57±0.23a 3.36±0.09a 3.89±0.21a 1.78±0.09b 30.16±0.09b 54.24±1.44a — T2 5.48±0.19a 3.43±0.03a 3.57±0.17b 2.11±0.10a 34.85±0.11a 40.90±2.20b 24.59±1.58 表 4 发芽率与发芽指数
Table 4. Germination rate and germination index
组别 发芽率/% 根长/mm 发芽指数/% 蒸馏水对照 90.52±3.37a 25.74±1.25a — T1 80.33±2.89b 26.6±0.71a 91.71±4.21b T2 82.66±5.321b 28.3±1.97a 100.40±3.21a 表 5 堆沤产物理化性质
Table 5. Physicochemical properties of composting
检测项目 技术要求 T1 T2 全氮(N)质量分数(以烘干基计)/% / 1.78±0.02 2.11±0.03 全磷(P2O5)质量分数(以烘干基计)/% / 0.42±0.06 0.46±0.08 全钾(K2O)质量分数(以烘干基计)/% / 2.85±0.06 3.04±0.03 总养分(N+P2O5+K2O)/% ≥4.0 5.05±0.14 5.61±0.17 有机质质量分数(以烘干基计)/% ≥30 59.57±0.11 55.63±0.09 酸碱度,pH值 5.5~8.5 8.10±0.51 6.16±0.29 含水率/% ≤30 57.35±0.32 56.24±0.27 总砷(As)(以烘干基计)/( mg•kg−1) ≤15 0.21±0.01 0.19±0.03 总镉(Cd)(以烘干基计)/( mg•kg−1) ≤3 0.14±0.01 0.15±0.02 总铅(Pb)(以烘干基计)/( mg•kg−1) ≤50 14.66±0.93 15.23±0.73 总铬(Cr)(以烘干基计)/( mg•kg−1) ≤150 23.12±1.30 24.45±2.09 总汞(Hg)(以烘干基计)/( mg•kg−1) ≤2 0.11±0.02 0.12±0.01 粪大肠杆菌数/(个•g−1) ≤100 0±0.00 0±0.00 蛔虫卵死亡率/% ≥95 100±0.00 100±0.00 -
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