香菇废弃物堆制有机肥工艺优化

孙振涛; 孙秀英; 丁浩男; 刘宁

doi:10.19998/j.cnki.2095-1795.2022.11.010

香菇废弃物堆制有机肥工艺优化

doi: 10.19998/j.cnki.2095-1795.2022.11.010

1.
沈阳农业大学，辽宁沈阳 110866
2.
辽宁省农业博物馆，辽宁沈阳 110866

基金项目: 辽宁省教育厅项目（LSNFW202005）；沈阳市科技局计划项目（21-116-3-21）

详细信息

作者简介:
孙振涛，硕士，高级实验师，主要从事植物营养与肥料研究　E-mail：35532025@qq.com

刘宁，通信作者，博士，副教授，主要从事固体废物资源化利用、新型肥料与现代施肥技术、植物营养与土壤肥力等研究　E-mail：30391629@qq.com

中图分类号: S38
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-20
- 修回日期: 2022-09-23
- 出版日期: 2022-11-20

Composting Process Optimization of Lentinus Edodes Waste

1.
Shenyang Agricultural University，Shenyang Liaoning 110866，China
2.
Liaoning Provincial Agricultural Museum，Shenyang Liaoning 110866，China

摘要

摘要:
近年来，食用菌产业迅速发展，同时也产生了大量菌渣，造成严重的环境污染。用香菇菌渣、玉米秸秆和畜禽粪便作为原料制作有机肥，不仅可以实现菌渣的资源化利用，还可以制得廉价优质的有机肥料。优化了香菇菌渣制作有机肥的堆肥工艺参数，探究了原料粪便类型、初始碳氮比在堆肥过程中对pH值、温度和水分变化的影响，成功制作出符合国家行业标准的商品化有机肥产品。结果表明，猪粪、初始碳氮比为25∶1时，其堆肥发酵过程中温度、水分和pH值的变化最有益于堆制商品化有机肥。
- 畜禽粪便 /
- 菌渣 /
- 有机肥 /
- 堆肥 /
- 香菇 /
- 食用菌
Abstract:
In recent years, with rapid development of China's edible fungus industry, a large number of bacteria slag have been produced, causing serious environmental pollution．Mushroom residue, corn straw and animal and poultry manure were used as raw materials to make organic fertilizer, which could not only realize resource utilization of bacteria residue, but also produce cheap and high-quality organic fertilizer．Optimization of composting process parameters of organic fertilizer using mushroom residue were studied, influence of raw material feces type and initial carbon-nitrogen ratio on composting indexes were explored．This experiment successfully used mushroom residue to produce commercialized organic fertilizer products in line with national industry standards, and found that feces type was pig manure, initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25∶1 was optimal composting process．
- livestock manure /
- bacteria slag /
- organic fertilizer /
- composting /
- lentinus edodes /
- edible fungus

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图 1 堆肥有机质含量变化

Figure 1. Change of organic matter content in composting process

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图 2 堆肥前后全氮含量变化

Figure 2. Change of total nitrogen content before and after composting

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图 3 堆肥总养分含量变化

Figure 3. Changes in total nutrient content in composting process

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表 1 不同处理辅料类型及配比

Table 1. Types and proportions of auxiliary materials for different treatments

处理编号	C/N	粪便类型	菌渣∶秸秆∶粪便（干质量比）
1	20	猪粪	1∶2∶4.25
2	25	猪粪	1∶2∶2.43
3	30	猪粪	1∶2∶1.60
4	20	鸡粪	1∶2∶1.84
5	25	鸡粪	1∶2∶1.18
6	30	鸡粪	1∶2∶0.82

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表 2 成品检测结果

Table 2. Test results of finished products

项目	行业标准	处理1	处理2	处理3	处理4	处理5	处理6
有机质/%	≥40	46.73	46.90	51.65	54.17	53.70	57.23
水分/%	≤30	23.5	25.8	24.2	24.1	25.9	23.1
pH值	5.5～8.5	6.91	7.08	6.83	7.22	7.21	7.15
总砷/（mg·kg⁻¹）	≤15	3.9	3.5	4.2	3.6	4.4	4.0
总镉/（mg·kg⁻¹）	≤3	未检出	0.15	0.22	0.31	0.27	0.34
总铅/（mg·kg⁻¹）	≤50	5.0	3.9	4.7	5.6	5.1	4.2
总铬/（mg·kg⁻¹）	≤150	32.2	28.7	22.7	26.5	30.0	36.8
总汞/（mg·kg⁻¹）	≤2	0.012	未检出	未检出	0.031	0.011	0.024
蛔虫卵死亡率/%	≥95	100	100	100	100	100	100
粪大肠菌群数/（个·g⁻¹）	≤100	阴性	阴性	阴性	阴性	阴性	阴性

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参考文献(12)

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