Application of Self-made Teaching Aids in Undergraduate Mechanical Experiment Course
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摘要:
实验教学是学生理解掌握理论知识的必要途经，有助于提高学生的学习兴趣、培养学生实践动手能力。植物科学学院农学、植物保护、园艺、资源与环境4个涉农专业开设的机械课程实验课时少、设备少而不全、设备陈旧，并且针对性不强。针对上述现状，研制3套自制教具，并成功应用在植物科学学院4个涉农专业的机械实验课和校开放性创新实验。在实验教学中构建了“引入自制教具的混合教学模式”，深受学生欢迎。学生问卷调查表明，学生对教学模式、提高学习兴趣、自学能力、自制教具的适用性等7个问题的提高程度或认可度均在90%以上。自制教具及其混合教学模式大幅提升了课堂效率，教学质量得到显著提高。
Abstract:Experimental teaching is a necessary way for students to understand and master theoretical knowledge, which helps to improve students' interest in learning and cultivate their practical ability．Agriculture related majors of College of Plant Sciences include agronomy, plant protection, horticulture, resources and environment．Mechanical courses of these majors have less experimental hours, less but incomplete equipment, obsolete equipment and weak pertinence．In view of above situation, three sets of self-made teaching aids were developed, which have been successfully applied in mechanical experiment course and open innovation experiment of four agriculture related majors in College of Plant Sciences．In experimental teaching, the "mixed teaching mode of introducing self-made teaching aids" was constructed, which was very popular with students．Through a questionnaire survey among students, students' improvement or recognition of seven questions, such as teaching mode, improving learning interest, self-study ability and applicability of self-made teaching aids, were more than 90%．Self-made teaching aids and its mixed teaching mode have greatly improved classroom efficiency and teaching quality．
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图 1 电控指夹式排种器实训装置
Figure 1. Training device for electric control finger clip seed metering device
图 4 电控排种器实训装置结构
1. 行走电机 2. 行走轮 3. 行走控制器 4. 种子箱 5. 风机 6. 播种控制器 7. 吸种软管 8. 遥控器 9. 支撑台面 10. 电控排种器直流电机11. 自动清种器 12. 环形轨道 13. 行走传感器 14. 电控排种器
Figure 4. Structure of training device for electric seed metering device
图 5 喷头工作状态实训装置结构
1. 喷头支架 2. 喷头 3. 实验装置壳体 4. 电机水泵总成 5. 压力传感器 6. 阀门 7. 液晶显示屏 8. 指示灯及按钮 9. 水箱 10. 自动卷线器11. 变频器 12. 接线器 13. 电源 14. 微控制器 15. 空气开关 16. 自动卷管器
Figure 5. Structure of sprinkler working state training device
图 6 喷头工作状态实验装置实验画面
Figure 6. Experimental picture of nozzle working state experimental device
图 7 柴油机启动系统实验装置结构
1. 水温传感器 2. 机油压力传感器 3. 启动机 4. 蓄电池 5. 液晶显示屏 6. 控制盒 7. 底座推车 8. 单缸柴油机 9. 转速和传感器
Figure 7. Structure of experimental device for diesel engine starting system
图 9 柴油机启动系统实验装置实验画面
Figure 9. Experimental picture of diesel engine starting system experimental device
图 11 引入自制教具的混合教学模式
Figure 11. Mixed teaching mode of introducing self-made teaching aids
表 1 3门机械课开设的实验
Table 1. Experiment of three mechanical courses
课程名称 实验1 实验2 实验3 农业机械与应用 内燃机拖拉机的使用 耕整地机械的使用与调整 播种机械的使用与调整 植保机械与应用 内燃机拖拉机的使用 耕整地机械的使用与调整 喷雾机械的使用与调整 园艺机械与应用 内燃机拖拉机的使用 草坪机械的使用与调整 灌溉机械的使用与调整 
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