Effects of Acupuncture Tray Holes Number on Growth，Yield andQuality of Chinese Cabbage
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摘要:
以大白菜“北京新三号”为试验材料，选用不同规格穴盘育苗，设置50、72、105和128穴/盘4个处理，探究穴盘孔数对幼苗生长质量、大白菜产量及品质的影响，筛选出最佳处理。结果表明，育苗穴盘孔数通过影响大白菜苗期生长指标进而影响大白菜产量和品质。随着穴盘孔数的增加，大白菜产量呈下降趋势，其中，50孔穴盘育苗的大白菜移栽后产量最好，其生物产量与经济产量分别比72、105和128孔穴盘育苗的大白菜高3.09%、34.03%、38.73%和33.73%、42.47%、45.70%；可溶性糖和维生素C含量与产量分别比72、105和128孔穴盘育苗的大白菜高12.02%、13.26%、40.41%和0.83%、15.84%、22.31%。50孔和72孔穴盘是大白菜较好的育苗规格。
Abstract:Taking Chinese cabbage "Beijing New No.3" as test material, using different specifications of acupuncture tray seedlings, four treatments of 50, 72, 105 and 128 holes/plate were set up to explore influence of number of holes on growth quality, yield and quality of Chinese cabbage, and optimal treatment was screened．Results showed that number of holes in seedling tray affected yield and quality of Chinese cabbage by influencing growth index of Chinese cabbage seedling stage．With increase of number of holes in acupuncture tray, yield of Chinese cabbage with 50 holes/plate tray seedlings was the best after transplanting, and its biological yield and economic yield were 3.09%, 34.03%, 38.73% and 33.73%, 42.47% and 45.70% higher than those of Chinese cabbage with 72, 105 and 128 hole tray seedlings respectively．Yield and content of soluble sugar and vitamin C were 12.02%, 13.26%, 40.41% and 0.83%, 15.84% and 22.31% higher than those of Chinese cabbage grown in hole trays of 72, 105 and 128 holes respectively．50 hole and 72 hole trays were better seedling specifications for Chinese cabbage．
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Keywords:
- Chinese cabbage /
- seedlings /
- acupuncture tray holes number /
- yield /
- quality
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表 1 供试土壤耕层基础理化性状
Table 1. Soil physical and chemical properties in greenhouse
有机质/% 全氮/（g·kg−1） 速效氮/（mg·kg−1） 速效磷/（mg·kg−1） 速效钾/（mg·kg−1） 容重/（g·cm−3） 田间持水量/% 2.36 1.58 203.21 115.87 172.55 1.02 36.69 
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表 2 穴盘孔数对大白菜幼苗期生长的影响
Table 2. Effects of hole number on growth of seedling stage of Chinese cabbage
性状 穴盘孔数 8月12日 8月17日 8月22日 8月27日 株高/cm 50 2.84a 6.95a 8.63a 9.10a 72 3.19a 6.90a 8.76a 9.18a 105 3.40a 6.60a 9.23a 9.52a 128 3.49a 5.38a 9.60a 9.71a 茎粗/mm 50 1.05a 1.38a 1.82a 2.39a 72 1.03a 1.35a 1.79a 2.01b 105 1.03a 1.27a 1.60ab 1.86b 128 1.00a 1.26a 1.44b 1.75b 开展度/cm 50 2.43a 4.93a 8.81a 10.19a 72 2.32a 4.56ab 6.45a 8.02ab 105 2.31a 4.52ab 6.02a 7.75ab 128 1.99a 3.92b 5.87b 6.30b 叶片数 50 0.00a 2.37a 3.33a 4.17a 72 0.00a 2.03a 3.00a 4.00a 105 0.00a 2.00a 2.83a 3.67a 128 0.00a 2.00a 2.83a 3.67a 叶绿素/SPAD 50 38.83a 29.78a 26.72a 26.15a 72 36.37a 26.93a 25.53a 24.85a 105 35.58a 26.35a 25.47a 24.37a 128 35.18a 26.60a 24.55a 24.22a 注：不同小写字母表示每列数据在0.05水平上差异显著性，下同。
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表 3 穴盘孔数对大白菜移栽时生长的影响
Table 3. Effects of hole number on transplant growth of Chinese cabbage
穴盘孔数 50 72 105 128 叶面积/cm2 56.23a 34.51b 32.17b 30.96b 地上鲜质量/mg 1444a 851b 820b 708b 地上干质量/mg 190.5a 113.8b 66.2c 65.3c 总根长/cm 136.97a 85.83b 81.24b 57.65c 根表面积/cm2 18.34a 9.83b 9.65b 7.97b 根体积/cm3 0.19a 0.13b 0.10b 0.09b 地下鲜质量UFW/mg 174a 103b 95bc 77c 地下干质量UDW/mg 20.1a 10.3bc 7.5c 6.0c 壮苗指数 5.34a 2.69b 2.03b 1.55c
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表 4 穴盘孔数对大白菜定植后生长的影响
Table 4. Effects of hole number on growth of planting of Chinese cabbag
性状 穴盘孔数 莲座期LSS 结球期HS 9月10日 9月20日 9月30日 10月10日 10月20日 10月30日 11月10日 株高/cm 50 11.63a 33.64a 41.86a 45.61a 47.51a 48.85a 49.30a 72 11.47a 33.18a 39.22a 45.25a 47.03a 47.57a 48.13a 105 11.31a 28.35b 34.05b 42.35b 44.99b 45.36b 46.67b 128 10.88a 23.78c 35.53b 40.13b 44.75b 45.30b 46.19b 开展度/cm 50 34.72a 53.20a 63.27a 63.34a 63.67a 63.81a 63.83a 72 34.00a 51.50a 57.35b 57.99b 58.12b 58.60b 58.81b 105 24.42b 44.23b 52.14c 52.90c 53.11c 53.13c 55.67b 128 24.18b 43.76b 50.89c 51.22c 51.28c 52.14c 55.33b 叶片数 50 9.50a 15.83a 18.50a 12.17b 10.50b 10.47b 10.17a 72 9.33a 15.50a 17.67a 13.17a 11.17ab 11.07ab 10.67a 105 7.83b 11.00b 15.17b 14.33a 12.50a 12.23a 11.17a 128 7.50b 11.67b 15.50b 14.78a 12.67a 12.47a 11.33a 叶绿素/SPAD 50 39.77a 39.95a 40.08a 40.78a 42.37a 44.08a 39.08a 72 39.60a 38.67a 39.93a 40.15a 41.80a 42.32a 38.98a 105 39.25a 39.55a 39.92a 39.32a 40.13a 41.90a 37.08ab 128 38.15a 39.20a 39.87a 39.27a 40.58a 40.97a 35.87b
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表 5 穴盘孔数对大白菜结球时间的影响
Table 5. Effects of hole numberonthe heading time of Chinese cabbage
穴盘孔数 日期 时间/d 50 10月2日 40 72 10月5日 37 105 10月7日 35 128 10月10日 33
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表 6 穴盘孔数对大白菜叶球形状的影响
Table 6. Effects of hole number on leaf head shape of Chinese cabbage
穴盘孔数 50 72 105 128 10月10日 球高/cm 30.92a 30.63a 29.07a 28.67b 球径/cm 15.81a 15.36a 14.22ab 13.80b 球形指数 1.95a 1.99a 2.04a 2.08a 10月20日 球高/cm 31.85a 31.03a 29.72b 28.01b 球径/cm 17.77a 17.08a 15.89ab 15.15b 球形指数 1.79a 1.82a 1.82a 1.85a 10月30日 球高/cm 33.52a 32.03a 31.13a 29.73b 球径/cm 19.88a 18.23a 16.96ab 16.33b 球形指数 1.69a 1.76a 1.84a 1.82a 11月10日 球高/cm 36.91a 35.84a 32.27b 30.43c 球径/cm 21.90a 20.70a 18.60b 17.40b 球形指数 1.69a 1.73a 1.73a 1.75a
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表 7 穴盘孔数对大白菜质量的影响
Table 7. Effects of hole number on plant weight of Chinese cabbage
单位：g/株 穴盘孔数 50 72 105 128 叶球鲜质量 2143.50a 1602.83b 1504.50b 1471.17b 地上部 鲜质量 3447.67a 3337.83a 2568.83b 2489.50b 干质量 232.38a 218.12a 163.00ab 162.94b 地下部 鲜质量 55.50a 50.67a 41.17bc 32.17c 干质量 9.84a 9.00a 6.08b 5.63b 全株 鲜质量 3498.33a 3393.33a 2610.00b 2521.67b 干质量 242.22a 227.12a 169.02ab 168.64b
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表 8 穴盘孔数对大白菜产量及品质的影响
Table 8. Effects of different size plug on yield and quality of Chinese cabbage
穴盘
孔数产量 品质 生物/
（kg·hm−2）经济/
（kg·hm−2）可溶性
糖/%维生素C/
（mg·kg−1）50 129 632.70a 79 428.60a 2.05a 104.73a 72 125 741.85a 59 393.85b 1.83ab 103.86a 105 96 715.05b 55 750.05b 1.81ab 90.41b 128 93 441.75b 54 514.95b 1.46b 85.63b
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