农业工程

Present Situation of Annual Whole Process Mechanization of Wheat and Maize in East of Huanghuaihai Plain

NIU Mengmeng, FANG Huimin, JIAN Shichun, CHU Youhui

2020, 10(10): 1-7.

Abstract(515) [PDF 20944KB](29)

Abstract:
Mechanized operation level of each link including cultivation，field management and harvest from aspects of wheat and maize planting were analyzed.Main operation machines and modes were introduced，and some restricting problems and countermeasures in whole process mechanized development at present were put forward.Based on existing planting modes and mechanization level of each link，whole mechanized combination mode of wheat and maize in eastern region of Huanghuaihai plain was put forward，and optimum maize varieties suitable for mechanized harvest in this region were recommended.

Research Status and Development Trend of Pneumatic Direct Seed Metering Device for Rice and Rape

HU Kai, DAI Yizheng, WANG Ying

2020, 10(10): 8-11.

Abstract(497) [PDF 517KB](29)

Abstract:
Seed metering device is core working component that affects performance of whole seeder.Precision seeding has been widely used in rape seed planting in recent years.According to sowing principle，it could be generally divided into pneumatic seed metering device and mechanical seed metering device.By comparing research status of pneumatic direct seed metering device both in China and other countries，development trend of direct seeding technology and seeding device of mechanization of rice and rape seed was analyzed.Pneumatic direct seed metering device for rice and rape has a broad development prospect.

Demonstration Popularization and Application of Water Saving Mechanization Technology of Chenopodium quinoa in Gansu Province

LI Can

2020, 10(10): 12-15.

Abstract(724) [PDF 2423KB](52)

Abstract:
Deep loosening，soil preparation，film mulching，sowing，field management，harvesting，straw crushing and bundling，cleaning，wind blowing，rice milling and other mechanized operation links of Chenopodium quinoa were deeply studied，tested and popularized.Technical specifications，operation quality requirements and integrated technology of Chenopodium quinoa mechanized sowing suitable for Gansu cold and dry areas were summarized.

Development of Integrated Heating System of Hot Blast and Water Heating Based on Heating Technology of Solar Greenhouse

LI Sheng, WANG Guoqiang, LIU Na, QI Xinzhou, WANG Yan

2020, 10(10): 16-18.

Abstract(454) [PDF 553KB](32)

Abstract:
In cold winter area，cost of solar greenhouse heating is an important factor to determine cost of greenhouse operation.Characteristics of greenhouse heating technology of the heating system of hot blast stove and water heating stove with lower cost were discussed.A heating system of hot blast and water heating integrated stove was designed by combining two technologies.The system could make good use of combustion heat in furnace，and have a variety of heating and cooling forms，expand heating area，improve temperature in the greenhouse，which provides an effective and feasible technical choice for heating technology and equipment in winter in solar greenhouse.

Review of Pest Identification Technology Based on Deep Learning

PANG Haitong, CAI Weiming, MA Longhua, SU Hongye

2020, 10(10): 19-24.

Abstract(532) [PDF 816KB](47)

Abstract:
In process of pest monitoring and pest control，accurate identification of pests is an important prerequisite for effectively solving pest problems in agricultural field.Relying on expert knowledge and planting experience to diagnose insect pests on crops is inefficient and the level of automation and intelligence is poor.The use of intelligent technologies such as deep learning and computer vision can greatly improve efficiency and accuracy of pest identification process and reduce labor costs.Development status of pest recognition technology based on deep learning was outlined.Implementation principles and advantages of deep learning technology in the field of pest image recognition were analyzed.Latest research progress of domestic and foreign experts and scholars in the field of pest recognition technology based on deep learning were described.Finally，challenges facing this field were summarized and future development direction was forecasted.It could provide an important theoretical reference for further research of pest identification and classification technology in smart agriculture.

Research Progress of Grain Flow Sensor for Combine Harvester

WANG Liusan, WANG Rujing

2020, 10(10): 25-28.

Abstract(434) [PDF 508KB](37)

Abstract:
Intellectualization of agricultural machinery is one of the important development directions of modern agricultural machinery.Sensor is key component of agricultural machinery intelligence.Latest research progress of grain flow sensor of combine harvester was introduced，which was widely used in precision agriculture at home and abroad.On this basis，existing problems of all kinds of grain flow sensors were summarized and analyzed.Development trend of grain flow sensor was pointed out.

Data Collection in Farmland WSN Using Mobile Sink

ZHANG Yaqiong

2020, 10(10): 29-33.

Abstract(374) [PDF 916KB](6)

Abstract:
In view of problems of small amount of data and large power consumption in data collection of wireless sensor network in farmland habitat monitoring scene，it can improve performance of wireless sensor network using mobile sink for data collection.Mobile sink moves along a predefined path in WSNs and collects data from nearby sensor nodes.However，due to fixed speed of mobile sink，amount of data collection is small or transmission delay is high.Optimal data acquisition scheduling of mobile sink was determined by optimizing data transmission scheduling and speed of mobile sink.Simulation results showed that algorithm could improve data collection and network throughput.

Effects of Straw and Plastic Film Mulching on Farmland Soil Environment

LI Hongxia, ZHANG Rui, YIN Minhua, GAO Yanting, WANG Yindi

2020, 10(10): 34-39.

Abstract(429) [PDF 810KB](6)

Abstract:
Farmland mulching is one of agricultural protective technologies，which can improve soil physical and chemical properties，store water and conserve soil moisture，regulate soil temperature and so on.Based on introduction of importance of farmland cover measures，and according to research results of impact of farmland cover on farmland soil ecological environment in recent years at home and abroad，effects of straw mulching and plastic film mulching on soil temperature，moisture，nutrients，soil enzyme activities and soil microorganisms were discussed.Problems and solutions of straw mulching and plastic film mulching were analyzed.Finally，future research direction of farmland cover was prospected，aiming to provide reference and basis for research of farmland cover technology.

Building Type Meat Complex Technology for Pig Breeding

ZHANG Dingan, LIU Shuping, LI Songfan, ZHAO Xinghua, FENG Haiyang, HU Linhua, ZHANG Xueping, QIN Minghua

2020, 10(10): 40-44.

Abstract(487) [PDF 7219KB](33)

Abstract:
In order to make pig breeding intensive and large-scale development，in 2018，Neixiang County Animal Husbandry Bureau and Muyuan Food Co.，Ltd.explored odorless gravity dry manure cleaning process.With people′s increasing expectations of environmental protection and urgent need of country to restore pig production capacity，technology has been upgraded to building type breeding technology.Combined with building type meat complex project in Neixiang county，building type breeding technology of pig breeding was preliminarily explored to provide reference for similar projects.

Development Status and Trend on Ecological Toilet without Water in Rural Areas

XING Donglun, LIU Tianshu, JING Quanrong, CHEN Yuefeng, SONG Wenzhi, GAO Wei

2020, 10(10): 45-47.

Abstract(458) [PDF 449KB](21)

Abstract:
Traditional sewage disposal mode of end-of-pipe technology not only wastes and pollutes water resources，but also prevents recycling and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus resources.Ecological toilet without water can achieve purpose of ecology and sanitation.Source separation technology and its advantages were introduced，types and characteristics of ecological toilet without water in rural areas were summarized，and its existing problems and application status were analyzed.Development trend of ecological toilet without water in rural areas was prospected.

Design and Test of Cutter Plate Potato Peeling Device

CAO Jianbin, CAO Guangchu, CHENG Yuesheng, LV Huangzhen, HUANG Yong, DU Zhilong

2020, 10(10): 48-54.

Abstract(507) [PDF 5073KB](32)

Abstract:
There is a huge demand for clean vegetables and fresh cut potato products in China.In view of lagging development of potato processing and mechanical peeling technology in China，a cutter plate potato peeling device was designed to realize potato cutting，chip removal and discharging.The device was used for peeling test.Results showed that the order of influence degree of peeling effect was cutter speed＞peeling time＞size specification＞single feeding amount.Optimal cutting parameters were as follows：medium potato（90 mm＜length diameter≤120 mm，200 g＜single mass≤400 g），feeding 4 kg at a time，processing at 325 r/min for 50 s.Under these processing parameters，peeling score based on image processing was 94.1，loss score was 89.6，damage score was 99.3，and comprehensive score was 94.3.

Development of Cutting and Coring Equipment for Fresh Apricot

ZHANG Shanshan

2020, 10(10): 55-58.

Abstract(452) [PDF 7918KB](23)

Abstract:
Key technology and innovation of fresh apricot cutting and coring processing equipment were described.Integrated equipment of fresh apricot cleaning，cutting and coring could automatically complete operations of loading，feeding，cleaning，cutting and coring of fresh apricot.Successful research and development of the equipment would play a positive role in helping apricot farmers get rid of poverty，improve added value of fresh apricot and strengthen ecological protection.

Factors and Methods of Quality Control in Food Microbiological Laboratory for Inspection and Testing

YANG Baohua, CHEN Ge

2020, 10(10): 59-61.

Abstract(431) [PDF 481KB](22)

Abstract:
Microbiological inspection and testing in food is an important index to measure quality of food safety.Main factors affecting accuracy of food microbiological inspection and testing were discussed，such as personnel，equipment，environment，samples，culture medium，standard strains and inspection and testing methods，etc.，in order to ensure quality of such inspection and testing work through effective control of relevant factors，so the new thought for protection of public health，avoiding social and economic losses and improving quality of food safety in China was provided.

Performance Analysis on Hydraulic System of Vine Clamping and Conveying

CHEN Mingdong, SHI Yuliang

2020, 10(10): 62-64.

Abstract(434) [PDF 2902KB](16)

Abstract:
Hydraulic system of vine clamping and conveying was designed in order to achieve simplification of peanut combine harvester.Working performance of hydraulic system of clamping and conveying under different speed condition was analyzed based on working characteristics of hydraulic system of peanut harvester.Results showed that pressure of hydraulic system increased sharply with vine feeding increasing，and clamping chain was blocked seriously when input flow of driving motor of system was 17 L/min.System occasionally had a high-pressure point，and clamping chain would be blocked at high-pressure point when input flow of driving motor of system was 20 L/min.Clamping chain could be operated smoothly without blocking when input flow of driving motor of system was 23 L/min.Analysis on working performance of hydraulic system could provide a theoretical basis for control method study of clamping chain speed for peanut combine harvester.

Research and Test on Sorting Machine for Camellia oleifera Seeds with Plane Toothed Smooth Roller

LAN Feng, SU Zihao, DAI Yizheng

2020, 10(10): 66-73.

Abstract(435) [PDF 8896KB](33)

Abstract:
In order to solve problem of how to separate tea seeds from mixture of fruit and tea seeds after shelling of Camellia oleifera，based on existing sorting technology of toothed smooth roller，force and speed of moving material on tooth smooth roller were analyzed by studying sorting mechanism of plane toothed smooth roller.Seed scavenging mechanism and detachable bearing seat of inner and outer plates were designed to form a plane bed type sorting machine for Camellia oleifera seeds.Single factor test was carried out on performance parameters of the machine.Results showed that when speed of toothed smooth roller was 533-602 r/min and clearance between toothed smooth roller was 2.4-2.7 mm，the output was≥2 t/h，seed breakage rate was≤1.21%，loss rate was≤1.05%，and seed percentage was≤4.86%.This machine could provide technical support and equipment support for separation of high efficiency and low loss of Camellia oleifera sorting.

Design and Test of Hydraulic Push Type Organic Fertilizer Spreader

LIU Xifeng, QIAN Xiaohui, ZHANG Haibin, WU Hao

2020, 10(10): 74-78.

Abstract(430) [PDF 6211KB](37)

Abstract:
With improvement of cultivated land conservation awareness，organic fertilizer spreader has gradually attracted people′s attention as a special machine for returning organic fertilizer to the field.In view of shortcomings of organic fertilizer spreader such as chain plate type and agitator type currently applied in the market，a new type of hydraulic push type organic fertilizer spreader was studied and designed.Technical advantages of hydraulic push type organic fertilizer spreader were described from aspects of structure principle，technical characteristics，key technology and application test effect，to provide a reference for development，application and promotion of organic fertilizer returning technology and equipment in China.

Simulation Analysis and Parameter Optimization of Potato Harvester Conveyor Chain

YIN Yuanyuan, WANG Zhengzeng, YANG Ranbing, WANG Jie, WANG Zhichao

2020, 10(10): 79-83.

Abstract(448) [PDF 1406KB](20)

Abstract:
In response to higher requirements of potato harvester harvesting operations，simulation analysis and parameter optimization of potato harvester conveyor chain were carried out.Through analysis，the larger the cross-sectional radius of potato was，the more unstable it would be during transportation process.Increasing distance between adjacent grids could improve stability of potato transportation without leakage of potatoes.Based on ADAMS，potato rolling under different horizontal angles of conveyor chain was analyzed.Speed change of potato rolls was related to inclination of conveyor chain.When it did not exceed 30°，the potato roll speed could reach a stable state without continuing to increase.It could provide a basis for design of potato conveyor chain.Relationship between potato soil separation effect and conveyor device parameters was established.Through analysis and test，a conveyor chain with a center distance h of 1 500 mm，a conveyor chain inclination angle of 25° and a lifting height of 634 mm was designed.It could realize transportation and separation of potatoes.

Fuel Consumption of Multi-Power Tractor

LIANG Beizhan, DU Yanhua, CHEN Sheng

2020, 10(10): 84-86.

Abstract(435) [PDF 1512KB](33)

Abstract:
Energy saving，consumption reduction and emission reduction are important tasks for the third and fourth stages of non road mobile machinery.Fuel consumption of multi-power tractor was analyzed in order to provide a reference for application of multi-power tractor calibration.

Cultivation and Practice of Bionics Innovative Thinking of Agricultural Engineering Graduate Students from Perspective of Emerging Engineering Education

ZHANG Fu, FU Sanling, ZHANG Yakun, WANG Jiajia, LI Xinping

2020, 10(10): 87-90.

Abstract(438) [PDF 600KB](27)

Abstract:
At present，most of agricultural engineering graduate students′ course learning is satisfied with credits，and their interest in learning is not high.Most of graduate students′ research focuses on topic research of tutor and completion of personal scientific research achievements，which lacks cultivation and improvement of scientific and technological innovation ability under background of emerging engineering education.Bionics related courses and innovative contents were added in postgraduate curriculum，content setting，textbook publishing and topic setting，and were gradually implemented in teaching practice，and achieved remarkable results.Training practice showed that cultivation and practice of bionic innovative thinking could stimulate postgraduates′ interest in learning knowledge and scientific research，expand innovative ideas and methods of subject research，and obtain good learning results，which could provide new ideas and methods for cultivation of agricultural engineering graduate students.

Teaching Reform of Engineering Professional Management Course Based on SWOT Analysis

WU Min, WANG Zhiqin, YOU Yong

2020, 10(10): 91-95.

Abstract(448) [PDF 4143KB](24)

Abstract:
The management course is a general education course for engineering majors to meet requirements of engineering education certification.Based on engineering talents cultivation of ability quality request，project management courses teaching reform approach was analyzed by SWOT method.It was studied that“flipped classroom”and“case teaching”mode played an important role on realizing“student-centered”，“outcomes-based education”and“continuous quality improvement”concepts.Innovation strategy of curriculum content optimization and teaching reform of teaching methods were put forward，reform effect and problems were summarized，level of engineering professional management courses teaching and students ability were promoted.

Application of Ultrasonic Sterilization Technology in Undergraduate Experimental Course

LIU Liyan, ZHAO Wei, WU Hong, LOU Wenyong, ZHANG Ximei

2020, 10(10): 96-99.

Abstract(590) [PDF 713KB](24)

Abstract:
Application of ultrasonic sterilization technology in undergraduate experimental teaching was introduced，and experiment of ultrasonic treatment time and sound intensity affecting survival rate of bacteria was designed.This experimental project is close to industrial production，covers many knowledge points，involves basic operation unit of microbial experiment，and is a useful supplement to existing food microbiology experiment course.It is of great significance to cultivate innovative and entrepreneurial talents by updating experimental projects，improving teaching methods and putting forward corresponding evaluation standards，and gradually building a multi-level experimental curriculum system.

Course Reform and Practice of Ideological and Political Education in Surveying and Mapping at Agriculture and Forestry Universities

MA Dan, LUO Shezhou, WU Ting

2020, 10(10): 100-104.

Abstract(589) [PDF 1096KB](19)

Abstract:
To strengthen ideological and political education，and improve effects of classroom teaching for college students，an ideological and political system taking professional basic course of Surveying and Mapping as example was constructed.The research explored available to effective teaching path and unified teaching mode including abilities and political education.The course reform practice ultimately aimed to realize organic unity of value guidance，knowledge education and ability training.The work could provide a possible approach and reference for course ideological and political education reform in professional courses.

Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Continuous Cropping Eggplant

WANG Wensheng

2020, 10(10): 105-109.

Abstract(520) [PDF 774KB](7)

Abstract:
In order to study effect of organic fertilizer on yield and quality of continuous cropping eggplant，compared with application of chemical fertilizer，pig manure，chicken manure and sheep manure were set as control to study change characteristics of quality and yield of eggplant.Results showed that application of organic fertilizer could affect quality and yield of eggplant in different degrees.Soluble sugar content of eggplant was the highest under pig manure treatment at each sampling date.On June 20 and July 10，contents of vitamin C and free amino acids were the highest and nitrate content was the lowest.On July 30，the contents of vitamin C and free amino acids were the highest and nitrate was the lowest.The highest yield and lowest incidence rate and disease incidence were found in chicken manure.Chicken manure could not only increase yield of eggplant but also significantly reduce incidence rate of Verticillium wilt，which was a high yield and high efficiency fertilization mode，and had a good application prospect in eggplant production.

Pesticide Reduction and Control Technology of Rice Diseases and Insect Pests

ZHANG Hao

2020, 10(10): 110-114.

Abstract(555) [PDF 725KB](27)

Abstract:
Pesticide control is one of the main means of agricultural pest control.In research process，on the one hand，the“invigorating”adjuvant was used in pest control of paddy field to test its effect of improving pesticide efficacy；on the other hand，insecticidal effect of frequency vibration insecticidal lamp was tested to verify its effectiveness of reducing hazard rate of pests and diseases.Results showed that when 50% of pesticide was reduced，the“invigorating”adjuvant could significantly improve control effect of pesticide；in addition，frequency vibration insecticidal lamp could reduce rice disease by 0.5%~1.2%.This study verified effectiveness of“invigorating”adjuvant in improving pesticide efficacy，and effectiveness of frequency vibration insecticidal lamp in rice pest control.

Reliability Assurance System of Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Enterprises

LIU Jian, WANG Tongyan, YE Jin, ZENG Baigong, LI Mingsheng

2020, 10(10): 115-119.

Abstract(462) [PDF 1045KB](21)

Abstract:
As an important indicator to measure performance of agricultural machinery，reliability is not only related to usage state of agricultural machinery，but also to reputation and development of agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprises.How to ensure reliability of agricultural machinery has become key problem to be solved in current agricultural machinery industry in China.Based on actual situation of agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprises in China，implementation process of reliability assurance system of agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprises in China was discussed from aspects of establishment of reliability assurance system，reliability assurance of agricultural machinery R&D，reliability assurance of purchased parts，reliability driven assembly process and reliability assurance of after-sale of agricultural machinery.Research results have important instruction significance for improving reliability level of agricultural machinery in China.

Construction and Evaluation of Agricultural Tourism Coupling Evaluation Index System under Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy：Taking Shangluo City as an Example

DUAN Kai, AI Ningning

2020, 10(10): 120-123.

Abstract(426) [PDF 615KB](26)

Abstract:
Taking rural revitalization strategy as background，Shangluo city′s agricultural tourism coupling degree as research object，based on relevant agricultural tourism theory，evaluation index system of agricultural tourism coupling degree was constructed.Through collection of relevant indicators of Shangluo city from 2013 to 2018 and calculation and analysis，it was found that development level of agricultural tourism coupling degree of Shangluo city was still in initial stage of a low level，and coupling coordination degree of agriculture and tourism had always been in a state of imbalance.In view of existing problems，corresponding countermeasures were put forward，that was，to strengthen infrastructure construction，improve management system，enhance integration of agriculture and tourism industry，and realize two-way docking and win-win situation of agriculture and tourism.

Trade Environment of Agricultural Products between China and ASEAN based on Michael Porter Diamond Model

JIE Wenning

2020, 10(10): 124-127.

Abstract(379) [PDF 685KB](5)

Abstract:
Since the reform and opening-up，China has become an important country of agricultural products trade in the world.China attaches great importance to development of agricultural products trade.Rapid development of agricultural products trade is directly related to economic benefits of farmers and plays an important role in development of rural economy.Under the“Belt and Road”initiative，ASEAN and China′s agricultural exports and imports have become increasingly close.But import and export of agricultural products are different from other commodities，and are greatly influenced by international market environment，natural environment.Trade environment of China′s import and export of agricultural products to ASEAN based on Michael Porter Diamond Model was analyzed，risk prevention measures were put forward.

2020 Vol. 10, No. 10

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