农业工程

Scientific and Technological Innovation and Development of Chinese Agricultural Machinery Industry in New Stage

WU Haihua, FANG Xianfa

2020, 10(5): 1-7.

Abstract(1109) [PDF 1214KB](36)

Abstract:
Scientific and technological innovation of agricultural machinery industry is entering a new stage of reform and development.Scientific and technological development of Chinese agricultural machinery industry in the past two decades from perspective of innovation and policy were summarized.New opportunities and trends of global scientific and technological innovation were analyzed，and major challenges and demands facing the future development were analyzed too.Based on strategic guidance，goal orientation，overall planning of whole chain and international vision，a new path to advance industrial innovation and development was put forward，which was to promote innovation of industrial basic technology，strategic frontier technology，efficient intelligent technology and equipment，green technology and equipment，to develop a new generation of intelligent agricultural technology，products，service system and industrial chain，and to build a innovation system to support sustainable development.

Research Progress and Prospect of Potato Crop Peeling Technology and Equipment

CAO Guangchu, DU Zhilong, CHENG Yuesheng, LU Tianqi, LI Peigang, CHENG Da

2020, 10(5): 8-14.

Abstract(869) [PDF 1488KB](37)

Abstract:
Peeling is one of important procedures in potato crops processing，which has a significant impact on quality of subsequent processed products.Current status and common peeling methods of domestic and foreign peeling technology and machinery were summarized and analyzed，including introduction of detailed structure and principle.Advantages and disadvantages of each potato peeling equipment were also compared and analyzed.As a conclusion，future development trend of potato peeling were also proposed.This review may provide sufficient support for development of potato peeling technology.

Driving Factors and Development Direction of Small Agricultural Machinery

SHANG Xiaolong, WANG Bo

2020, 10(5): 15-20.

Abstract(851) [PDF 2966KB](41)

Abstract:
For a long time，limited by Chinese agricultural development model，small agricultural machinery has not been able to obtain a good development space，with little investment in research and development and low industry attention，and has been wandering at the low end of industrial chain.However，with continuous development of Chinese economy and society，as well as change of cultivated land type，food consumption structure and agricultural planting mode，market demand for small agricultural machinery is becoming increasingly strong.Development status，driving factors and development direction of small agricultural machinery were analyzed by starting from definition and classification of small agricultural machinery，technical requirements，trying to provide reliable suggestions for development of small agricultural machinery in China.

Prediction for Total Power of Agricultural Machinery in Lvliang City

ZHANG Jianxun

2020, 10(5): 21-23.

Abstract(821) [PDF 488KB](45)

Abstract:
Based on research of total power of agricultural machinery in Lvliang city from 1979 to 2015，the exponential function，the cubic polynomial function and the BP neural network were used to establish prediction model of total power of agricultural machinery and compare the samples.Results showed that average absolute errors of the BP neural network and the exponential function model were 1.11% and 3.22%，respectively，which were lower than average absolute error of the cubic polynomial function （8.05%）.Finally，the BP neural network model and the exponential function model were used to predict total power of agricultural machinery in Lvliang city in 2016—2021，with a view to providing a reference for development of agricultural mechanization level.

Design and Experiment of Phenotypic Characteristics Acquisition System for Dairy Cow Based on Depth Image

JU Xipeng, TIAN Fuyang, LI Fade, WANG Zhonghua, ZHU Hong

2020, 10(5): 24-28.

Abstract(923) [PDF 2967KB](38)

Abstract:
Phenotypic characteristics of dairy cow is an important parameter to evaluate growth status of cows，in order to reduce excitability of cows and obtain geometric phenotypic size of cows easily，a phenotypic characteristics acquisition system based on depth image and point cloud data was designed by using image processing technology to extract phenotypic characteristic parameters of cows.Background subtraction，threshold segmentation，filtering and cavity filling were used to obtain target area of cows for depth image，and edge detection，corner detection，convex hull operation and other detection feature points were used for target.Finally，phenotypic characteristic size of cows was obtained from corresponding point cloud data.Field test of system was carried out and results showed that accuracy of body weight obtained was more than 98%，accuracy of body size was more than 96%，system had a high precision of measuring stability，which could lay a foundation for realization of digital breeding and has a good application prospect.

Classification of Radish Seeds Using Hyperspectral Imaging and Deep Learning Method

HANG Yingying, LI Yating, SUN Miaojun

2020, 10(5): 29-33.

Abstract(950) [PDF 1563KB](44)

Abstract:
Based on the VIS-NIR hyperspectral imaging technique，a rapid and nondestructive method was investigated for discriminating varieties of radish seeds.After removing noise band，the hyperspectral imaging system with spectrum range of 480.46-1001.6 nm was used to collect six varieties of radish seeds containing 411 bands of hyperspectral images.Savitzky Golay（SG）smooth and multiple scattering correction（MSC）were used to eliminate high frequency superposition of random error.The stack autoencoder（SAE），the successive projections algorithm（SPA）and the variable iterative space shrinkage approach（VISSA）were used to reduce dimensionality of hyperspectral data of radish seeds.Softmax and the support vector machine（SVM）classification model were applied to identify radish seeds samples after dimensionality reduction．Experiment results showed that optimal model was the SAE-Softmax model，and accuracy of training set and accuracy of prediction set by the algorithm were reached 99.72% and 96.22%，respectively.The study demonstrated that VIS-NIR hyperspectral imaging technique was potential for nondestructive classification of radish seed.It was feasible and efficient to apply classification model into seed varieties nondestructive testing analysis.

Design and Application of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Traceability System for“Three Brands and One Standard”Enterprises Based on Multi Terminal Data Interaction Techndogy

ZHAO Xiaozhong, PING Benqiang, SU Zhen, LIU Beibei, HU Bo, CAO Zhu, HAO Xiaolei

2020, 10(5): 34-41.

Abstract(819) [PDF 5702KB](35)

Abstract:
According to characteristics of“three brands and one standard”enterprises（pollution-free agricultural products，green food，organic food and geographical indications），the agricultural product quality and safety traceability system for“three brands and one standard”enterprises based on multi terminal data interaction technology was designed，applied two-dimensional code，GIS，XML，JSON，WMS，WFS and so on.Design of SOA architecture，and interactive design of mobile and desktop were adopted.Modules of expert-assisted support information library，agricultural procurement management，quality detection management，and traceability management were set up to control key links，ensuring authenticity，accuracy，completeness of traceability information and quality safety.The system was applied in Zhengzhou and results showed that the system could implement whole process quality control and traceability of agricultural products from planting，detecting，harvesting，processing，packaging and distribution.

Research Progress on Rheological Properties of Biomass Slurry

KURBAN Rixit, ZHAO Xiqiang, MA Chunyuan

2020, 10(5): 42-51.

Abstract(791) [PDF 1436KB](47)

Abstract:
Biomass slurry refers to a slurry in which organic matter is initially processed and a small amount of water is added.Recycling and centralized treatment of biomass slurry through pipeline transportation is an efficient，energy-saving and environmentally-friendly transportation method with broad application space and development prospects.During pipeline flow of slurry，pressure loss will be caused due to nature and internal structure of slurry，relative motion between particles inside slurry，and friction between exterior and inner wall of pipe，resulting in a decrease in energy delivered.Biomass slurry was divided into four categories：sludge，livestock manure and waste slurry，biomass composite slurry and kitchen waste slurry.Rheological properties、research methods、affecting factors and rheological mechanism of biomass slurry were summarized.Especially，advances and latest research findings in research on influencing factors of rheological behaviors and rheology model mechanisms were described in detail.Shortcomings and problems existing in current research were also pointed out and some future works were suggested.

Current Status and Prospects of Urban Kitchen Waste Treatment Technology

DU Zhiyong

2020, 10(5): 52-56.

Abstract(861) [PDF 709KB](37)

Abstract:
Basic characteristics and treatment process of urban kitchen waste were introduced.Characteristics and existing problems of sanitary landfill，incineration，crushing and direct discharge，fodder，composting of organic fertilizer，anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis of kitchen waste were analyzed.Process characteristics，parameters and existing problems of large and small-scale kitchen waste treatment equipment were discussed respectively.Development direction of kitchen waste treatment were put forward.

Manure Treatment Mode of Livestock and Poultry Based on Fly Maggot Culture Technology

YU Guiping, WENG Xiaoxing, XU Jinda, ZHU Jianxi, FENG Yang

2020, 10(5): 57-60.

Abstract(783) [PDF 2287KB](33)

Abstract:
At present，the utilization degree of solid waste from livestock and poultry breeding is still not high，composting is one of the important technical means of harmless resources utilization of livestock and poultry manure.However，the production of conventional single organic fertilizer is mainly based on low efficiency，and a large number of livestock and poultry breeding solid waste resources could not be effectively utilized，resulting in environmental pollution.Fly maggot is an efficient biological converter of solid wastes from livestock and poultry breeding.The animal waste could be transformed into fly maggot protein and high quality organic fertilizer.According to characteristics of traditional compost such as low economic benefit，high dependency of auxiliary materials，long treatment cycle and high cost，combined with characteristics of main components and physicochemical properties of animal manure，based on existing bio-conversion process of fly maggot animal manure，through the study of key technology and equipment of industrialization of bio-conversion of solid waste from livestock and poultry breeding，the ecological management and high value utilization of solid waste from livestock and poultry breeding could be realized.

Status and Existing Problems of Raw Milk Quality and Safety in Xinjiang

HUA Zhenyu, LIANG Qiuyan, CHEN Hao

2020, 10(5): 61-65.

Abstract(886) [PDF 861KB](51)

Abstract:
Status of raw milk in Xinjiang was introduced，and the quality and safety problems existing in milk industry was explored.On this basis，research status of raw milk quality and safety both in China and other countries was analyzed，and existing quality and safety testing technology of raw milk was introduced.It was expected to provide some help for healthy and rapid development of Xinjiang raw milk industry.

Application of TRIZ Method in Anti-Crack Panel of Rockfill Dam with Face Slab

WANG Yucai

2020, 10(5): 66-69.

Abstract(821) [PDF 2873KB](37)

Abstract:
Analysis and optimization based on TRIZ theory could effectively reduce panel cracking in rockfill dam with face slab.Problem of panel crack was a serious constraint to development of rockfill dam with face slab.Causes of panel crack mainly include slab voiding，temperature stress and dry shrinkage stress.Four schemes to eliminate slab crack were put forward through system analysis，causal analysis and substance-field analysis of TRIZ theory，TRIZ tool was used to solve problems and four schemes were optimized.Schemes obtained by TRIZ theory could provide theoretical guidance for practical engineering.

Research and Development of 3D Numerical Simulation of River Flow

LI Songyang, YIN Yamin, PENG Errui

2020, 10(5): 70-75.

Abstract(929) [PDF 752KB](6)

Abstract:
The flow patterns of river currents are often very complex.In the process of designing water conservancy facilities，comprehensive consideration should be given to verify hydraulic factors of river construction.Therefore，simple hydraulic design calculations cannot be used.Corresponding physical tests are required to determine rationality of water conservancy facilities.With continuous improvement of computer technology，numerical simulation technology has developed rapidly，and numerical simulation technology has gradually been applied to hydraulic engineering.Due to the accuracy and convenience of numerical simulation，numerical simulation has become increasingly important in the field of hydraulic engineering.Research and development process of 3D numerical simulation of water flow was elaborated，advantages and disadvantages of water flow simulation were summarized to provide a reference for development of numerical simulation in the future.

Cultivated Layer Construction Technology in Northern Shaanxi Mining Area：A Case Study of Land Development Project in Paijie Village，Sunjiacha Town，Shenmu County，Shaanxi Province

GUAN Hongfei, LIN Yali

2020, 10(5): 76-79.

Abstract(888) [PDF 584KB](36)

Abstract:
Soil pollution and waste was serious in the mining area of northern Shaanxi province.Topsoil in experimental mining area was constructed by using method of soil organic reconstruction.Construction of farmland was done through land improvement engineering measures and ecological restoration was achieved.Taking land development project of Paijie village，Sunjiacha town，Shenmu county as an example，popularization and implementation of topsoil construction technology in mining area was systematically expounded，which had reference significance for mining area management in northern Shaanxi.

Finite Element Analysis of Frame for 4SZ-1 Wild Jujube Harvester

LI Shiwei, ZHENG Meichao, ZHENG Decong

2020, 10(5): 80-85.

Abstract(785) [PDF 5198KB](40)

Abstract:
In order to understand mechanical characteristics of the frame of 4SZ-1 wild jujube harvester on working and ensure stable work and operation quality in its life cycle，finite element analysis of machine frame was carried out.Based on the ANSYS Workbench，corresponding mathematical model，mechanical model and finite element model were established for statics finite element analysis.Through the analysis，displacement，stress and strain of frame under two conditions of force limit were calculated.Calculation results showed that frame stiffness and strength were within a reasonable range，which could ensure normal operation of the machine.

Structure Optimization and Performance Test of Molding Machine for Potato Yuyu

LU Tianqi, CHENG Yuesheng, CHEN Da, FENG Huaizhang, QI Yanlong, YU Yang

2020, 10(5): 86-89.

Abstract(795) [PDF 1960KB](46)

Abstract:
As one of the main local characteristic food in the northwest China，potato yuyu was very popular among the people for its rich nutrition，and effectively promoted the development of potato consumption.In order to overcome problems of low production efficiency，high labor intensity and inconsistent product specifications of traditional hand-made potato yuyu，structure of potato yuyu molding machine was optimized and related performance test of potato yuyu molding machine was carried out by studying forming mechanism of potato yuyu.Results showed that molding angle was an important structural parameter which affected molding effect.Molding speed of potato yuyu was positively correlated with molding rate within a certain range，the molding rate would decline when molding speed of potato yuyu exceeded a certain range.Stiffness and positioning orientation of molding roll affected molding effect of potato yuyu.

Design of Corn Precision Seeder under Film Based on Combination of Agricultural Machinery and Agronomy

GUAN Yanyan

2020, 10(5): 90-93.

Abstract(800) [PDF 3548KB](36)

Abstract:
Aiming at problems of traditional mulch film covering，such as manual seedling release，emergence dislocation，easy compaction，and low emergence rate，an agricultural machinery and agronomg combined under film sowing machine was developed.Corn planting experiments were carried out using three planting modes：drum planting on the film，sowing and spreading film without perforation，and sowing and spreading the film.Results showed that relative emergence rate of corn planted by film spreading and film breaking after planting was the highest，which was more than 90%.Among the experimental factors，the thickness of soil under film and thickness of soil on film have the greatest influence on emergence rate.The best effect of corn emergence was when the thickness of soil under membrane was 2cm and the thickness of soil above membrane was 2cm.Combined with the local rainfall，a spray test was conducted，under the same rainfall，the anti-consolidation ability of seeding under film far exceeded that of traditional mulching.

Management Model of Open Mechanism of Modern Agricultural Equipment Laboratory

HE Xiaoning, WANG Dongwei, SHANG Shuqi, SHEN Shilong, LIU Shengmin, CHEN Chengying

2020, 10(5): 94-97.

Abstract(888) [PDF 570KB](44)

Abstract:
According to actual situation of open sharing and management of modern agricultural equipment laboratory of College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering of Qingdao Agricultural University，laboratory open mechanism and large-scale instrument and equipment sharing mechanism were established around quality of personnel training and mode of talent training.To cultivate students' practical ability and innovative spirit，instruments and equipment were fully shared，the use of experimental sites and equipment resources was maximized，and sustainable development of modern agricultural equipment laboratories was better promoted.Open management mechanism of modern agricultural equipment laboratories was analyzed，open mechanism and management mode of the laboratory was also discussed.

Exploration and Practice of Ideological and Political Education in Agricultural Machines Course

LIU Jian, YE Jin, ZENG Baigong, LI Mingsheng

2020, 10(5): 98-100.

Abstract(931) [PDF 475KB](40)

Abstract:
Ideological and political education is an important measure to implement task of moral education and integrate socialist core values into whole process of education and teaching.Agricultural machines course was taken as an example，basic ways and guarantee methods of ideological and political teaching in the core courses of agricultural machinery major in colleges and universities were discussed.With the two important ideological and political elements of“agricultural machinery culture”and“craftsman spirit”as the starting point，and closely around core goal of integration of knowledge teaching and value guidance，curriculum teaching standards and curriculum ideological and political system were created，which makes contributions to improve ideological and moral awareness of agricultural machinery students in colleges and universities，and cultivate innovative talents of agricultural machinery equipment in the new era.

Application of Probiotics Detection in Food Microbiology Experiment

LIU Liyan, WANG Wen, SU Jianyu

2020, 10(5): 101-103.

Abstract(944) [PDF 1886KB](46)

Abstract:
Probiotics detection project was introduced into the undergraduate experiment teaching，and a comprehensive experiment of Lactic acid bacteria detection in milk drinks was designed.This experiment covered a lot of knowledge points，and experimental process was simple and easy to implement in undergraduate teaching classroom.Through this experiment，the basic knowledgeand and basic experimental skills learned in the early stage of food microbiology course were combined with the hot issues of life to stimulate students' interest in learning，and cultivate students' ability of integrating theory with practice and comprehensive experimental skills.It is of great significance in cultivating innovative and entrepreneurial talents with “thick foundation，strong ability and wide adaptability”.

Application and Development of Vegetables Green Control Technology

SU Qiufang

2020, 10(5): 104-107.

Abstract(779) [PDF 607KB](42)

Abstract:
Green control of harmful organisms are of great significance to reduce negative impact of chemical pesticides，effectively guarantee quality and safety of agricultural products，agricultural production and ecological environment，and promote green，high-quality and sustainable development of agriculture.On the basis of combing implementation effect of green control of vegetables，influencing factors and existing problems of promotion and application of green control were analyzed，and relevant suggestions for further promoting development of green control were put forward.

Effects of Increased Application of Silicon Fertilizer on Maize Yield and Yield Components

DAI Siyuan

2020, 10(5): 108-111.

Abstract(748) [PDF 479KB](7)

Abstract:
In order to study effect of silicon fertilizer on maize yield and yield components，Xianyu 335 was used as a test material.Four silicon fertilizer models were set，including 0（CK），basic silicon fertilizer（S1），sprayed silicon fertilizer（S2），basic both silicon and silicon fertilizer spraying（S3）.Three silicon fertilizer application methods on dry matter accumulation，yield and yield components of corn，and characteristics of corn grain quality were analyzed.Results showed that silicon fertilizer significantly increased corn dry matter accumulation，ear thickness，row number，ear number，thousand kernel weight and yield of S3 treated were significantly higher than control，yield increased by 10.33%.Compared with the control，silicon fertilizer significantly increased grain fat and protein content，starch content was significantly reduced and there was no difference between silicon fertilizer treatments.It showed that the best effect of silicon fertilizer base application+spraying could increase corn yield and improve corn quality.

Theory and Technology Application of Wheat Mechanized Ridge Free Cultivation

LIU Jun, LIU Yapei, XIA Yazhen, LIU Yali, LIU Sen

2020, 10(5): 112-116.

Abstract(864) [PDF 761KB](54)

Abstract:
With continuous development of modern agricultural science and technology，mechanization technology has been widely used in many agricultural production fields in China.The theoretical basis of mechanized ridge free cultivation comes from the study of wheat biological characteristics，while the technology comes from the rapid and uniform planting function of mechanized equipment，so that wheat seeds can be evenly distributed in appropriate environment and soil layer.Biological characteristics of wheat and yield increasing mechanism of mechanized ridge free cultivation were analyzed theoretically.Based on actual planting situation of a county in Pingdingshan city，Henan province，application points and benefits of mechanized ridge free cultivation of wheat were analyzed.And problems in application of this technology were discussed.Finally，prospect of application and popularization of mechanized ridge free cultivation of wheat was prospected，and some suggestions were put forward.

Application Effect of New Environmental Protection Slow Release Fertilizer on Wheat

FU Shengxi

2020, 10(5): 117-120.

Abstract(874) [PDF 542KB](48)

Abstract:
In order to investigate nitrogen utilization rate，application technology and fertilizer value of slow-release fertilizer，wheat was taken as experimental object，and effect of new slow release fertilizer on crops was discussed.Results showed that after application of new slow release fertilizer，utilization rate of nitrogen was further improved，quality of crops was improved，and loss of nitrogen leaching and environmental pollution were reduced.Quality of wheat was better after using new environmental protection slow release fertilizer.Compared with traditional way of fertilization，effect of new environment friendly slow release fertilizer on different growth stages of wheat was better，which could meet demand of yield and ensure social and economic benefits.

Development Status of Shangluo Walnut Industry

DUAN Kai, QIN Baoya

2020, 10(5): 121-124.

Abstract(855) [PDF 810KB](42)

Abstract:
In recent years，Shangluo walnut industry has developed rapidly from the original scattered planting and multi-regional evolution into development trend of large-scale.Management mode has also changed from extensive to intensive，and direction of processing industry developed to the vertical deepening direction.Based on this background，development status of Shangluo walnut industry with SWOT analysis method was analyzed，and development countermeasures of Shangluo walnut industry under the background of rural revitalization was proposed.To some extent，it has theoretical guidance and reference significance for development of local industries in surrounding areas.

Training Path of New Professional Farmers in New Era

JIANG Jie

2020, 10(5): 125-128.

Abstract(821) [PDF 633KB](38)

Abstract:
In new era of overall implementation of rural revitalization strategy，cultivating new professional farmers has become an important means to break through bottleneck of rural talents.In recent years，China has achieved certain results in process of cultivating new professional farmers.It has cultivated a group of professional farmers who know technology and are good at operating.However，they still face more problems restricting cultivation of professional farmers，including problems such as insufficient awareness of professional farmers，inadequate training and education systems，and insufficient funding.Based on analysis of main problems in cultivation of new professional farmers in new era，specific countermeasures and suggestions for optimal cultivation of professional farmers were put forward.

2020 Vol. 10, No. 5

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