农业工程

Current Situation of Rhizome Traditional Chinese Medicine Production Full Mechanization

2021, 11(12): 9-15.

Abstract(270) [PDF 8382KB](60)

Abstract:
There are a series of problems in production of rhizome traditional Chinese medicine in China，such as low degree of mechanization，slow development of mechanization and unbalanced regional development.Many production links still use traditional manual methods，with high labor intensity and low production efficiency，which seriously restricts development of traditional Chinese medicine in China.Present situation of mechanization in production of rhizome traditional Chinese medicine was introduced，and corresponding suggestions were put forward.

Development of 4TJ Beet Harvester

2021, 11(12): 16-19.

Abstract(179) [PDF 4672KB](28)

Abstract:
Beet harvester was analyzed and studied.It could complete beet picking， impurity removal，vertical transportation，vertical lifting，centralized unloading and other operations of beet at one time.Field test showed that clay rate of beet was 1.6%，impurity rate was 4.2%，total loss rate of beet was 3.9%，and operation efficiency was 0.88 hm2/h.

Present Situation and Suggestions of Tobacco Mechanization in Mountainous and Hilly Areas

2021, 11(12): 20-25.

Abstract(169) [PDF 7124KB](32)

Abstract:
Present situation of tobacco machineries in Guizhou Province was introduced，focusing on present situation of critical equipment such as ridge，film mulching machine，transplanter and fertilizer applicator.Existing problems of tobacco mechanization were analyzed from aspects of agricultural machinery，agronomy and planting scale.Some suggestions were put forward to solve existing problems，and tobacco planting mechanization was prospected.

Technical Characteristics and Application Adjustment of 4MZ-3A Self-propelled Cotton Picker

2021, 11(12): 26-29.

Abstract(165) [PDF 2023KB](25)

Abstract:
China is a big country of cotton production and consumption.However，in the process of cotton planting，labor in harvest link is very strong and operation is very difficult.Mechanized cotton picking plays an important role in liberating labor force，improving labor productivity，reducing production costs and increasing income of cotton farmers.Technical characteristics and application adjustment of key components of 4MZ-3A self-propelled cotton picker were introduced based on analysis of research status of self-propelled cotton picker at home and abroad.It provided reference for research and development of domestic self-propelled cotton picker.

Demonstration Application and Effect Evaluation of Remote Monitoring Technology for Agricultural Machinery Subsoiling and Land Preparation Operation

2021, 11(12): 30-34.

Abstract(183) [PDF 5842KB](27)

Abstract:
In order to effectively solve problems of heavy manual inspection workload，low work efficiency，small spot check scope and difficult supervision of agricultural machinery subsoiling and land preparation operation，remote monitoring technology of agricultural machinery subsoiling and land preparation operation integrating Internet of Things and big data application was demonstrated and popularized，verified in combination with field experiments，and 5 500 hm2 was popularized and applied in the suburbs of Beijing.Results showed that，compared with actual operation depth，average error of remote monitoring was 0.590，0.555，and 0.595 cm at 20，25，and 30 cm tillage depths，respectively，and operation depth monitoring error was ≤2 cm.Besides，compared with area，average error of remote monitoring was 2.19%，and accuracy was 97%.Main problems were analyzed in application processing，and targeted solutions were proposed.Application of remote monitoring technology in the agricultural machinery subsoiling and land preparation operation in Beijing provided a scientific and quantitative basis for subsidies on it.Monitoring of operation quality and work area could meet needs of agricultural machinery supervision in practical applications.

Identification of Walnut Cultivars Based on Near-infrared and Far-infrared Spectral Information Fusion

2021, 11(12): 35-41.

Abstract(143) [PDF 2312KB](31)

Abstract:
Infrared spectroscopy was used to carry out non-destructive testing of walnut to realize identification of seven walnut cultivars，such as Qingxiang，Wen185，Xiangling，Xinxin No.2，Zhipi，Yangbi and Daifeng，to provide new ideas for walnut cultivars identification in the future.A method was proposed based on near-infrared and far-infrared spectral information fusion.Far-infrared spectroscopic technology was applied to walnut identification for the first time and fused near-infrared spectroscopy data.Combined with principal component analysis（PCA）and uninformative variables elimination and successive projections algorithm（UVE-SPA），characteristic wavelength was selected.Then random forest，K-nearest neighbor and support vector machine classification model was established.In addition to random forest model，recognition accuracy of other models could reach 100%，which not only reduced complexity of model but also greatly improved accuracy and robustness of identification.Test results showed that，data fusion based on effective information of near-infrared spectrum and far-infrared spectrum could improve deficiency of single spectrum technology in recognition rate，that was，data fusion of two bands could better reflect differences between varieties.It provided a new idea for efficient，non-destructive and accurate identification of walnut cultivars，and also a reference for identification of other substances.

Research Situation and Key Technology of Biogas Production from Corn Straw

2021, 11(12): 42-44.

Abstract(156) [PDF 413KB](30)

Abstract:
China is a large agricultural country with large annual output of crop straw，among which corn straw output is the largest，but resource utilization rate of corn straw is low.Research situation of biogas production from corn straw was introduced based on analysis of current situation of production and utilization of corn straw.Key technologies of biogas production from corn straw including pretreatment technology，dry fermentation technology and mixed material fermentation technology were expounded.Prospect of biogas production from corn straw was prospected which provided a reference for further promoting comprehensive utilization of corn straw.

Automatic Monitoring Technology of Sexual Induction for Agricultural Pests

2021, 11(12): 45-48.

Abstract(121) [PDF 600KB](21)

Abstract:
Agricultural pests have great harm to healthy growth of crops.Timely detection and treatment of pests can prevent and control agricultural pests in time and improve crop yield.An automatic monitoring system for sexual induction of pests was introduced，its application advantages were analyzed，and its implementation key points，influencing factors and development direction were expounded.

Research Progress of Nondestructive Testing of Fruit Maturity Based on Dielectric Properties

2021, 11(12): 49-53.

Abstract(161) [PDF 689KB](28)

Abstract:
Dielectric property detection technology was introduced，which was developed in recent years and applied to fruit maturity identification and quality monitoring.Basic principles of fruit maturity identification by dielectric properties，measurement technology of dielectric properties，and advantages and disadvantages of each measurement technology were also introduced.Application of parallel plate technology and coaxial probe technology in fruit maturity detection was reviewed.At the same time，existing problems in our country′s research in this field and focus of future research were pointed out.

Research Status of Functional Proteins and Polypeptides in Egg

2021, 11(12): 54-58.

Abstract(121) [PDF 652KB](19)

Abstract:
Egg is a rich source of functional proteins and polypeptides in human diet.It is very good for human health.Research status of egg proteins and polypeptides were reviewed from three aspects: composition of eggs，biological active ingredients，protein separation and polypeptide preparation，to provide reference for further research of functional proteins and polypeptides，make full use of China′s rich resources of eggs and speed up development of egg industry.

Research Advances in Drip Irrigation Emitter Clogging and Anti-clogging Measures

2021, 11(12): 59-64.

Abstract(134) [PDF 1796KB](23)

Abstract:
To prevent and solve clogging issue of drip irrigation emitters，which has always been important，restricted application and promotion of drip irrigation technology，firstly，clogging types of emitter were summarized from aspects of irrigation water source，structure of emitter channel，and operation mode of drip irrigation system，and research results of experts and scholars in this field were discussed.Secondly，anti-clogging performance of emitter was improved by controlling water source treatment，configuring appropriate filtering equipment，improving flow channel of emitter，selecting a better system operation plan，and further research and development of new emitter clogging prevention and control technology was proposed.Finally，problems existing in current study and future research recommendations were discussed，which provided new ideas for better prevention and control of emitter clogging.

Distribution Law of Aeration Concentration of Grid-type Underflow Energy Dissipater

2021, 11(12): 65-69.

Abstract(88) [PDF 1289KB](20)

Abstract:
The grid can effectively improve effect of underflow energy dissipation and reduce or avoid cavitation damage to bottom of stilling pool.Through hydraulic model tests to study changes of air-entrainment concentration before and after the grid under different opening ratios of circular-hole Γ-shaped grid.Test results were as follows.①Aeration concentration in wall jet zone of stilling pool decreased longitudinally，and there was a sudden change near the grid；in vertical axis direction，aeration concentration was large and small in the middle and two sides were small，and peak position was positively correlated with main flow of incident water stream；in vertical direction，aeration concentration below half the water depth increased significantly along the height，and then change became smaller.②With addition of the grid（opening rate 34%），aeration concentration in front of the grid at position 5 and 30 cm away from entrance of stilling pool increased sharply by 41.11% and 26.82%；grid opening rate decreased from 46% to 22%，aeration concentration on upstream side of the grid（section 6）decreased from 37.75% to 20.32%，and aeration concentration on downstream side of the grid（section 7）decreased from 20.47% to 8.78%.③After the grid was added，the minimum aeration concentration value behind the grid（near the side wall）could reach 6.06%，and flow velocity at measuring point was not large，which meant that stilling pool structure including the grid was not easy to occur cavitation damage.

Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of Desertification in Songnen Plain in the Past 50 Years

2021, 11(12): 70-75.

Abstract(152) [PDF 4233KB](24)

Abstract:
With the remote sensing image of 1975，2000 and 2018 as data source，the Songnen Plain nearly 50 years of spatial and temporal variation characteristics of land desertification and evolution were analyzed，using the man-machine interactive visual interpretation method to extract desertification information，combining with geographic information system（GIS）spatial analysis technology，dynamic calculation，transfer matrix analysis and landscape pattern analysis.Results showed that from 1975 to 2000，the total area of desertification land in Songnen Plain illustrated an obvious development trend，while the total area increased by 7 061.60 km2，and it was mainly distributed in the southeast of Songnen Plain；from 2000 to 2018，the total area of desertification in Songnen Plain decreased by 10 387.46 km2，and the desertification trend has been improved.

Process Simulation and Analysis of Flax Cleaning Device Based on EDEM-Fluent Coupling

2021, 11(12): 76-81.

Abstract(158) [PDF 1165KB](35)

Abstract:
In order to solve problems of high loss rate and high impurity content in flax cleaning process，a wind screen flax cleaning device was designed.With coupling method of EDEM-Fluent，cleaning process of flax cleaning device was simulated and analyzed，influence law of cleaning device operating parameters on flax seed impurity content and cleaning loss rate was explored，and optimal combination parameters were determined.Based on movement analysis of flax threshing material in airflow field of cleaning device，a simplified model of flax cleaning device was established.Single factor test and orthogonal test were carried out for four parameters of fan wind speed，air flow inclination，vibration frequency and amplitude of cleaning screen.Results showed that fan wind speed，air flow inclination，vibration frequency and amplitude of cleaning screen were significant factors affecting cleaning performance of cleaning device.Mathematical regression model of seed impurity content and cleaning loss rate was established by using Design-Expert software.Optimal working parameter combination was obtained：fan wind speed 4.5 m/s，air flow inclination 4°，cleaning screen frequency 6 Hz，cleaning screen amplitude 9 mm.Under optimal working parameter combination，seed impurity content of flax was 2.97%，and cleaning loss rate was 2.39%.Research results could provide reference for design and optimization of flax cleaning device.

Determination of Collision Recovery Coefficient in Pinellia ternata Harvest

2021, 11(12): 82-88.

Abstract(108) [PDF 4429KB](23)

Abstract:
In order to obtain design basis for harvesting parts of Pinellia ternata harvester，a measuring device for recovery coefficient of Pinellia corm collision was established.Mixed orthogonal test and single factor test were carried out on material thickness，drop height，pinellia mass，and crash material of various factors affecting crash recovery coefficient.Test results showed that effect of collision material and quality of Pinellia ternata were significant，and effect of drop height and material thickness were not significant.Single factor test showed that collision recovery coefficient decreased with increase of Pinellia ternata mass，and recovery coefficient of rubber was smaller than that of Q235 steel.In the field test，damage rate of Pinellia ternata was 3.53% when material was Q235，and damage rate was 2.19% when material was rubber.When mass of Pinellia ternata tuber was 4~6 g，damage rate of Pinellia corms was 4.80%，and when mass of Pinellia ternata tuber was 1~3 g，damage rate of Pinellia corms was 3.20%.It could provide reference for design and optimization of working parts of Pinellia ternata harvester.

Test of Cutting Mechanical Properties of Brassica parachinensis Stalk at Maturity Stage

2021, 11(12): 89-93.

Abstract(143) [PDF 2598KB](23)

Abstract:
In order to provide a reasonable and accurate design for mechanized harvest of hydroponic leafy vegetables and reduce production cost，Brassica parachinensis was selected as the object.Taking type of cutter，cutting speed，and variety of Brassica parachinensis as independent variable and shear strength as response index，stem cutting experiment were carried out by single factor and orthogonal experiment methods，and factors and their interaction were analyzed.Single factor analysis showed that variety，cutter type and cutting speed had significant effects on maximum shear strength，and cutting speed was the greatest one.Results of orthogonal experiment of mixing level showed that interaction between variety and cutting speed was significant，and the level was the highest.The best experimental combinations were Qingye sharp leaf cabbage，oblique knife and cutting speed 12 m/min.These results could provide a theoretical basis for design of cutting device.

Practical Teaching Reform of Agricultural Mechanics under Background of Reform of School-College Office

2021, 11(12): 94-97.

Abstract(154) [PDF 619KB](24)

Abstract:
The major of agricultural mechanization and automation in Shanxi Agricultural University is a national first-class major.In order to better build the first-class course，the Agricultural Mechanics course team took reform of joint office of university and college as an opportunity to analyze problems existing in the current practical teaching link.The teaching team should carry out the reform of practical teaching of Agricultural Mechanics such as strengthening ideological and political construction of the course，innovating practical teaching methods，integrating theory with practice，scientific research and back feeding teaching，and regional characteristic teaching in order to improve level of practical education and practical teaching.

“Three Creation”Talent Cultivation Model of Automobile and Tractor Science Based on Curriculum Ideology and Politics

2021, 11(12): 98-103.

Abstract(172) [PDF 2888KB](30)

Abstract:
In response to problems of students′ low enthusiasm，weakened hands-on ability，and insufficient “three creative”abilities in teaching process of Automobile and Tractor Science，relying on school′s teaching reform project，above problems were sorted out and analyzed，ideological and political elements of the curriculum was deeply excavated，technical route of ideological and political education of Automobile and Tractor Science was constructed.“Internet+”online and offline mixed teaching mode was adopted to form“three creation”practical teaching system of“experiment，competition，science creation and incubation”.The“student-oriented”course evaluation content was refined.Level of cultivating“three innovative”agricultural engineering talents with“socialist core values+craftsman spirit+knowing and loving agriculture”was improved.

Teaching Reform on Electrical Technology Based on Flipped Classroom in Agricultural Universities

2021, 11(12): 104-107.

Abstract(163) [PDF 691KB](22)

Abstract:
Electrical Technology is a professional basic course for majors of electronic information，agricultural water conservancy engineering，automation control，vehicles and other majors in colleges and universities，which needs close combination of theory and practice.However，in the process of Electrical Technology teaching，there are some problems，such as lack of practical，poor effect of practice preview and so on.Taking temperature and humidity monitoring of agricultural greenhouse as an example，combined with requirements of modern agriculture，teaching reflection was carried out.Combined with developed Internet technology，a teaching mode was constructed based on flipped classroom to probes into teaching of theory and experimental teaching，improve teaching system of the course，adjust teaching assessment methods，and further improve teaching quality.

Effect of Drought Stress in Different Growth Stages on Corn Grain Filling and Yield

2021, 11(12): 108-113.

Abstract(155) [PDF 816KB](24)

Abstract:
In order to study effects of drought stress in different growth stages on corn grain filling and yield，four treatments were set up，namely normal water，jointing stage drought，tasseling stage drought，and early filling stage drought，changes of dry matter accumulation，filling characteristics，starch related enzyme activity and yield of maize were studied.Results showed that drought significantly reduced dry matter accumulation of corn，and drought during tasseling stage and early filling stage significantly reduced dry matter accumulation and contribution rate after anthesis.Drought significantly reduced grain weight and filling rate，and drought during tasseling stage had a significant effect on dry matter accumulation.Drought significantly reduced activities of bound starch synthase（GBSS），soluble starch synthase（SSS），sucrose synthase（SS）and sucrose phosphate synthase（SPS）.Drought has an effect on yield，main effects of the corn were increasing length of bald tip and reducing number of rows.Yield of three periods of drought stress decreased by 15.15%，33.11%，and 22.00%，respectively.Therefore，jointing stage，tasseling stage and early stage of grain filling were more sensitive to water demand，has a greater impact on yield，especially in the corn tasseling period.Water supply should be ensured to ensure corn yield.

Mechanism and Path of Rural Industry Revitalization in Qinba Mountainous Area

2021, 11(12): 114-119.

Abstract(142) [PDF 885KB](29)

Abstract:
Evolution mechanism and path selection of rural industry was sorted by literature research method，case study method of field observation and interview was adopted，three natural villages were selected to systematically analyze selection，cultivation and development of rural industry and determine stage characteristics.From theoretical perspective of rural industrial development，“one village，one product”，“agricultural industrial cluster”and“integration of primary，secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas”were theoretical basis of rural industrial revitalization.From perspective of rural industrial evolution process，initial stage of rural industrial revitalization was to select characteristic industries suitable for village according to local conditions to develop“one village，one product”economy.The stage of promoting quality and efficiency was to promote cluster development of characteristic agricultural industry through innovation of science and technology，talents and mechanism.The advanced form of rural industry revitalization was integration development of rural primary，secondary and tertiary industries.In process of promoting revitalization of rural industry，government should first determine development basis and development stage of specific village industry，select appropriate industry and promote evolution of rural industry to advanced stage through aggregation of industrial elements.

Techno-economic Verification of Ship-type Aquaculture Platform

2021, 11(12): 120-126.

Abstract(128) [PDF 1033KB](17)

Abstract:
In view of lack of relevant techno-economic verification system for design，construction and aquaculture operation of ship-type platforms in China，based on characteristics of ship type platform，through parameter design of platform principal dimension，aquaculture water volume，platform aquaculture technology and target commercial fish species，which affect platform construction and operating economy，economic indexes were selected，such as net present value，net present value index，investment payback period and breeding effect coefficient，together with initial investment，set of factors that make up economic argument ，grid method，fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and grey correlation analysis were used to evaluate and optimize platform scheme.The initial investment，cycle breeding cost，fish price，survival rate and expected benchmark rate of return were selected as uncertainty factors for sensitivity analysis.According to example calculation，initial investment of platform should not exceed 425 million yuan，cost of breeding of each cycle should be less than 137 million yuan，expected benchmark rate of return on investment should not exceed 25.0%，survival rate should be higher than 85.8%，and average price of four commercial fish should not be less than 109 yuan /kg.

Influence of Manager Characteristics on Economic Benefits of Land Stock Cooperatives

2021, 11(12): 127-133.

Abstract(132) [PDF 947KB](32)

Abstract:
In order to investigate influence of manager characteristics on economic benefits of land stock cooperatives，Logit model was employed to analyze from perspective of manager characteristics based on survey data collected from 163 land stock cooperatives in seven regions of Dezhou，Shandong province，including Qihe，Wucheng，Xiajin，Pingyuan，Linyi，Qingyun and Laoling.Results showed that managers′ ability of interpreting policies and their work experience had a significant impact on performance of land stock cooperatives，while impacts of manager′s innovative spirit，education level，and market control ability were insignificant.Considering homogeneity of manager characteristics，land stock cooperatives were suggested to introduce high-level talents and professional talents so as to improve manager′s ability to control policies.

Present Situation and Countermeasures of Integrated Development of Agricultural and Rural Economic Structures in Shaanxi Province

2021, 11(12): 134-140.

Abstract(127) [PDF 1247KB](25)

Abstract:
There are still some problems and deficiencies inevitably in rural economic and social development of Shaanxi Province.Because of main problems such as low integration of three industries，insufficient development of village collective economy，poor brand influence，large income gap，lack of management talents and inadequate innovation drive，following suggestions were put forward：grasp characteristics of industrial structure and promote industrial integration；pay attention to quality in business structure and promote large-scale operation；pay attention to quality in employment and income structure to ensure stable employment and sustainable income，focus on innovation in factor investment and improve investment efficiency.

Development Status and Suggestions of Peony Industry in Heze City

2021, 11(12): 141-144.

Abstract(148) [PDF 673KB](30)

Abstract:
Revitalization of rural areas in Heze needed to highlight development of Heze peony industry，focus on peony flowers，and create a large industry.If Heze′s peony industry wanted to have a good future，it needs to constantly broaden development path，explore road of industrial development.Based on this，through combination of field research and network research，current situation of peony industry in Heze was understood，problems and countermeasures of Heze peony industry were analyzed，in order to provide valuable reference for development of Heze peony industry.

2021 Vol. 11, No. 12

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