2021 Vol. 11, No. 6

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Reed Harvesting Technology and Equipment
2021, 11(6): 11-16.
Abstract(64) [PDF 15349KB](10)
Abstract:
As a perennial tall grass，reed is widely distributed in China and has a large yield.It can be used in silage，handicrafts，construction materials or paper industry.However，due to difference of growing environment and straw morphology of reed，mechanized harvesting level of reed was relatively low.Technical merits of reed harvester were described from following three aspects：technical requirements of reed harvesting，key technologies in reeds harvesting process，and typical types of reeds harvester at home and abroad.Development trend of reed harvester was also analyzed.
Development and Experiment of Self-propelled Capsicum Harvester
2021, 11(6): 17-19.
Abstract(53) [PDF 452KB](7)
Abstract:
Research situation of capsicum harvester at home and abroad was introduced.A self-propelled capsicum harvester suitable for Shanxi province was designed according to planting agronomy.Field test showed that this machine had stable operation performance，high efficiency， high picking rate，low loss rate，simple operation，time-saving and labor-saving.It liberated majority of capsicum growers from traditional manual picking method and it had good economic and social benefits.It filled blank of self-propelled capsicum harvester in Shanxi province.
Development Suggestions on Facility Agriculture Mechanization in Tianjin City
2021, 11(6): 20-22.
Abstract(49) [PDF 463KB](11)
Abstract:
Focusing on planning of vigorously developing modern agriculture in Tianjin，combined with development status of facility agriculture in Tianjin，existing problems and causes of popularization and application of facility agriculture mechanization technology were analyzed，and corresponding suggestions and measures were put forward.
Research and Thinking on Rotary Tillage Drived by Large and Medium Tractor
2021, 11(6): 23-27.
Abstract(65) [PDF 733KB](8)
Abstract:
Taking Lovol Oubao medium tractor and Dongfanghong large tractor as examples，relationship between tractor speed and rotary tillage quality was analyzed.Results showed that rotary tillage quality was ensured only tractor in a certain range of walking speed.Taking Haofeng rotary tiller as examples，internal transmission of gearbox for rotary tiller was analyzed.Results showed that rotation speed of rotary blade shaft could be increased，so as to improve efficiency of rotary tilling by changing gear ratio of gearbox.But the effect was not obvious.The most effective way to improve efficiency of rotary tillage was to select wide rotary tiller as far as possible on the basis of not affecting operation quality.
Experiment on Integration of Agricultural Machinery and Agronomy for Potato Harvest
2021, 11(6): 28-33.
Abstract(88) [PDF 7209KB](11)
Abstract:
In view of complex working situation in hilly areas of Zhejiang Province，a set of integration mode of agricultural machinery and agronomy was proposed to optimize working environment of potato mechanized harvesting，and harvest experiment was completed on this basis.Experimental results showed that，effect of mechanized potato harvest was improved significantly under combination of machinery and agronomy，obvious potato rate was 92.3% and broken potato rate was 4.2%.The whole machine ran smoothly and met requirements.
Development and Application of Experimental Device for Automatic Flower Watering System
2021, 11(6): 34-39.
Abstract(42) [PDF 9535KB](7)
Abstract:
Aiming at current situation that five agricultural non-mechanical majors in College of Plant Science，Jilin University have difficulty in understanding machinery，and flowers have dried up in unmanned watering for a long time，an automatic watering system experimental device was developed.Soil moisture index was used as the switch for starting or stopping motor and water pump assembly and opening or closing the solenoid valve in experimental device to realize automatic watering.Effective application of this experimental device in experimental teaching of undergraduates has cultivated students' practical ability，problem-solving ability，innovative thinking ability，and scientific research consciousness of interdisciplinary.The application in real life could effectively solve problem that flowers raised in offices，courtyards and families would not be dried due to business trip，tourism，visiting relatives and friends，etc.At the same time，experimental device could also be applied to greenhouse，orchard，dry land，lawn and other places，to achieve precise irrigation，save time and effort，improve economic and social benefits.
Design of Hole-forming Resistance Test System for Dibble-type Planting Device Based on LabVIEW
2021, 11(6): 40-44.
Abstract(61) [PDF 3459KB](9)
Abstract:
Dibble-type planting device is a working part of dibble-type transplanter which is in direct contact with soil，its performance and efficiency are affected by its shape，size and operating parameters directly.In order to further study influence of size and operating parameters of dibble-type planting device on hole-forming resistance，a testing system for dibble-type planting device was designed based on LabVIEW.Hardware system of hole-forming resistance measurement was built with data acquisition card，pressure sensor and torque sensor，system monitoring software was developed on LabVIEW platform，and DC motor was used as power source of planting device.The test was carried out on test platform of hole-forming resistance for dibble-type planting device.Test results showed that the system could collect data of hole-forming resistance，torque and rotation speed stably in real time.So it could provide a basis for optimal design of dibble-type planting device.
Management Mode of Agricultural Machinery and Equipment Comprehensive Experiment Platform Based on Information Technology
2021, 11(6): 45-48.
Abstract(38) [PDF 713KB](9)
Abstract:
Management mode of agricultural machinery and equipment comprehensive experiment platform based on information technology was discussed after analyzing current situation and problems of agricultural machinery test platform management.Database design and construction of each module of management system were introduced.Management strategy such as strict laboratory access system，standardizing instrument operation process，combination of open and semi open were put forward.It provided reference for managers of agricultural machinery experiment equipment.
Biogas Production from Banana Peel by Moderate Temperature Anaerobic Fermentation
2021, 11(6): 49-53.
Abstract(48) [PDF 1954KB](8)
Abstract:
Feasibility and performance of biogas production by batch anaerobic fermentation with banana peel as raw material under medium temperature conditions was studied.Effects of banana peel raw material concentration and inoculum concentration on biogas production by batch anaerobic fermentation under medium temperature conditions were investigated.The gas production and pH after fermentation were recorded respectively.Results showed that banana peel concentration of 3%，and inoculum concentration of 3% was the best，and increasing inoculum concentration would aggravate acidification and affect gas production.
Adsorption Performance of Modified Corn Straw for Copper Ion
2021, 11(6): 54-60.
Abstract(41) [PDF 1664KB](7)
Abstract:
Adsorption properties of Cu2+ in water after modification of corn straw adsorbent were studied.Pretreatment of corn stalk with NaOH and physical treatment with microwave radiation were used.Citric acid containing multi-functional small molecules was selected for esterification reaction with corn stalk.Modified corn stalk adsorbents with strong adsorption properties were prepared by adding carboxyl functional groups.Effect of modified corn straw adsorbent on adsorption under different conditions was studied.Results showed that adsorption effect of Cu2+ was best when adsorbent dosage was 0.8 g，pH value was 5，reaction time was 90 min，reaction temperature was 35 ℃，and initial concentration of solution was 60 mg/L.Modified corn straw adsorbent has good adsorption performance for Cu2+.
Technical Measures for Odor Control in Livestock and Poultry Houses
2021, 11(6): 61-65.
Abstract(53) [PDF 5551KB](6)
Abstract:
Odor emission of livestock and poultry houses has increasingly become a concern in construction and operation of livestock and poultry houses.Source，harm and control method of odor in livestock and poultry houses，as well as application of biological treatment measures were explained.The solution was illustrated with an example of pig farm，and a feasible scheme for odor control in livestock and poultry houses was put forward.
Optimization of Oleic Acid Degumming Process for Cold Pressed Carrot Seeds
2021, 11(6): 66-71.
Abstract(62) [PDF 3112KB](8)
Abstract:
Degumming process of cold pressed carrot seed oleic acid was optimized.Citric acid was selected as degumming acid by single factor experiment.Effects of four experimental factors，amount of acid，amount of water，temperature and time of degumming，on degumming rate of cold pressed carrot seed oleic acid method were analyzed，as well as effects of two experimental factors on degumming rate.According to single factor and response surface optimization experiments，the order affecting degumming rate of acid method was as follows:amount of water added>amount of acid added>degumming temperature>degumming time.Degumming rate was the highest when amount of acid was 0.25%，amount of water was 3%，degumming temperature was 59 ℃，and degumming time was 29 min.At that time，degumming rate of cold pressed carrot seed oil by acid method was 70.20%，which was close to predicted value of model of 70.98%，indicating that this process was more reliable and had certain reference value.
Functions and Measures of Food Quality and Safety Management in Food Production Enterprises
2021, 11(6): 72-74.
Abstract(23) [PDF 481KB](6)
Abstract:
Ensuring food quality and safety is an important responsibility of food production enterprises.Functions of quality and safety management department in food enterprises and measures for food quality and safety management were introduced.Under supervision and guidance of government and society，food enterprises should systematically design food quality and safety management process，control people，machines，materials，methods and environment in each link and do good job in food quality and safety management in the operation of enterprises so as to ensure food safety of consumers.
Research Advances on Alternate Furrow Irrigation
2021, 11(6): 75-78.
Abstract(24) [PDF 566KB](5)
Abstract:
Alternate furrow irrigation is a high-efficiency water-saving irrigation technology aimed at improving crop yield by improving root signal function，photosynthesis，transpiration，stomatal conductance and other physiological characteristics.Development situation of alternate furrow irrigation technology was introduced.Mechanism of alternate furrow irrigation was expounded，mainly including absorption of root system compensation function，farmland soil water consumption and water use efficiency.Application effect and development prospect of this technology in crop cultivation were clarified.Alternate furrow irrigation can significantly improve crop yield and water use efficiency and has important practical significance in high quality，high yield and water-saving agricultural production.
Research on Regional Cultivated Land Quality Change
2021, 11(6): 79-84.
Abstract(57) [PDF 1461KB](9)
Abstract:
In order to study motivation and influence degree of regional cultivated land quality change，cultivated land was divided into four types of change areas according to reasons of quality change: new，reduced，project construction and gradual change.Results showed that，quality of cultivated land increased slightly in Zhengzhou during study period，and productivity decreased due to decrease of cultivated land.Impact of type of cultivated land change on quality of regional cultivated land was in the order of gradual change>decrease> increase>land construction project.Zhengzhou City was able to maintain quality of regional cultivated land through new cultivated land and project construction，but failed to maintain production capacity.By analyzing mechanism of regional cultivated land quality changes in different types of areas，relationship between quality changes in different types of areas and overall quality changes could be accurately analyzed.It could provide policy suggestions for managers to develop cultivated land quality and productivity protection，which has great application value.
Revision，Survey，Update and Storage of Agricultural Large-scale Topographic Map
2021, 11(6): 85-88.
Abstract(49) [PDF 563KB](6)
Abstract:
Agricultural large-scale topographic map is one of the important achievements of rural basic surveying and mapping，and it is the most basic spatial information data in rural areas.A lot of information can be obtained through agricultural topographic map，which provides guarantee for land and resources planning，rural planning and infrastructure construction，all kinds of engineering design and construction.Basic process of agricultural large-scale topographic map revision，survey，update and storage，and quality control requirements of each operation step were analyzed and discussed，which has a certain practical significance for China's agricultural land surveying and mapping work.
Confirmation，Registration and Certification Process of Rural Land Contractual Management Right
2021, 11(6): 89-93.
Abstract(31) [PDF 717KB](9)
Abstract:
Confirmation，registration and certification of rural land contractual management right is a basic work to promote reform and development of agriculture and rural areas.Right confirmation and registration can effectively solve problems of inaccurate contracted land area，unclear spatial location，unclear four to where，imperfect register and so on，and protect legitimate rights and interests of farmers.Principle，technical route and work flow of confirmation，registration and certification of rural land contractual management right in the form of household contract were discussed.Problems and solutions in the process of confirming right were expounded.
Simulation Design of Gear Shifting Mechanism of Reeds Harvester
2021, 11(6): 94-98.
Abstract(57) [PDF 1797KB](7)
Abstract:
The key parts of reed harvester are teeth and transmission device.How to harvest effectively is the key problem of reed harvesting，and the key of effective harvesting is plan of teeth path.Based on research of reed harvester's tooth shifting and movement mechanism，crank connecting rod mechanism with quick return characteristics were selected to realize arc movement track of tooth shifting.According to harvesting demand，and with calculation of theoretical relationship，it was obtained that length of the crank was 250 mm，length of rocker was 330 mm，length of connecting rod was 690 mm，and length of frame was 650 mm.Then，driving device of crank connecting rod mechanism was determined.Considering linkage requirements that cranks of left and right shift geared turn in opposite directions，rotated at the same speed，and also two cranks always maintained 180 ° angle difference，chain drive and primary gear drive were determined to achieve the linkage.According to requirements，key dimensions of chain and gear were determined.With size of crank connecting rod，gear，sprocket and gear，the parts were drawn and assembled with Pro/E software，and then carrying out motion simulation of design mechanism.Through parameter adjustment，position of the gear on connecting rod was offset by 75 degrees could meet good harvest effect，and motion trajectory of designed gear shifting mechanism also met design requirements.The design and simulation ideas could be a reference for design of related harvesters.
Lightweight Design of Level Control Arm for Trench Pipe Installation Machines
2021, 11(6): 99-103.
Abstract(53) [PDF 4548KB](38)
Abstract:
Level control arm is key component of trench pipe installation machines actuator.Its structural strength determines operation reliability of complete appliance，and its centroid position affects response speed of level control.Combined with working conditions，based on finite element method，mechanical characteristics of level control arm were obtained through static analysis and transient dynamic analysis.Based on mechanical characteristics，size of level control arm was optimized by defining design variables，constraints and optimization objectives.The analysis results showed that structural stability before optimization was much higher than actual demand.Optimized structure reduced shell thickness，but through data analysis and comparison，structural safety factor remained in a reasonable range.It proved that structure optimization was reasonable.Research methods and results could provide a reference for level control arm of trench pipe installation machines in structural design.
Development of PLC Controlled Pelletized Seeds Hollow Square Drying Device
2021, 11(6): 104-108.
Abstract(46) [PDF 4612KB](10)
Abstract:
Aiming at problems of large area and high energy consumption of rotary hot air seed drying device，a double barrel PLC controlled drying device was designed and developed.The device included inner and outer cylinders，tugs，servo motors，reducers，couplings，gears，ring gears and brackets.Drying cylinder was designed as a double cylinder inside and outside，and the seeds moved back and forth in inner and outer cylinders to shorten length of whole machine and reduce heat loss.According to dynamic estimation，parameters of pinion and large gear were determined，and SL90 type cross slide coupling with nominal torque of 250 N·m was configured.Control system was developed based on Siemens S7-200 PLC.The motor of type of Anchuan SGM7J-08A was selected to control rotation of mechanical components，with rated output power of 0.75 kW.Communication between PLC and servo motor corresponded to digital to analog conversion of 0~10V and 0~32000，and servo motor was driven by upper command.Experimental tests showed that maximum speed was 50 r/min，drying temperature was 50 ~ 60 ℃，and the power was 0.55 kW.Drying efficiency of pelleted tomato seeds was 10 kg/h，after 60 min drying，moisture content was reduced by 10%.The developed pelleting seed drying device could realize intelligent control of rotation speed，and length of whole machine was 40% less than that of single cylinder type，which could reduce heat loss and improve heat utilization rate.
Determination and Application of Physical Characteristic Parameters of Wheat Seeds in Design of Plot Precision Seeder
2021, 11(6): 109-114.
Abstract(61) [PDF 5644KB](7)
Abstract:
In order to obtain design basis of precision seeder metering device and automatic seed supply device in wheat plot，Ji-mai 22 seeds were selected as measurement object at early stage of research.Physical parameters such as 1000-grain weight，volume weight，triaxial size，angle of repose and static friction coefficient of seeds were measured.Average 1000-grain weight of Ji-mai 22 seeds was 46.02 g.Average volume weight was 831.30 g/L.Mean values of long，medium and short axes of triaxial size were 6.47，3.42 and 3.08 mm，respectively.Mean angle of repose was 28.9°.Static friction coefficient between wheat and stainless steel plate was the smallest，which was 0.427.Determination of above parameters provided a strong data support for determination of relevant parameters of seed metering device and automatic seed supply device of precision seeder in wheat plot，and improved working performance of whole machine to a certain extent.
Construction of New R & D Institutions in Agriculture and Food Field Based on Typical Cases
2021, 11(6): 115-118.
Abstract(53) [PDF 591KB](9)
Abstract:
New R & D institutions of agriculture and food field plays an important role in promoting transformation and upgrading of traditional agriculture.Taking typical cases as example，development status and characteristics of three types of new R & D institutions in agriculture and food field were analyzed.Problems in management system and operation mechanism were pointed out.Implementations of differentiation strategy，improving operation and management mechanism were put forward.
Application of Solid Fat Index Measurement in Experimental Teaching
2021, 11(6): 119-122.
Abstract(28) [PDF 2032KB](8)
Abstract:
Determination method of solid fat index（SFI）of oils and fats was described，experimental process of using solid fat index curve to judge application range of raw oil was introduced，and SFI was changed by adding emulsifier，so as to broaden application range of oil.This experiment is widely used in field of oil industry and belongs to engineering experiment.It is a useful supplement to existing experimental courses of food science and engineering.The application of this experiment in undergraduate experimental teaching is helpful for students to master basic industrial operation skills，consolidate and deepen theoretical knowledge，and further cultivate students' ability to analyze and solve engineering practical problems and innovative thinking.
Effects of New Far-red Light Irradiation on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Rice
2021, 11(6): 123-130.
Abstract(63) [PDF 13969KB](12)
Abstract:
From perspective of plant light control development，promotion effect of far-red light LED packaged with new phosphor on rice seed germination and seedling growth was researched.（Y，Gd）3（Ga，Sc）5O12：Cr3+ far-red phosphor was directly packaged into far-red light LED used as experimental light source.450 nm blue light emitted by LED chip was converted into 730 nm far-red light.Comparative irradiation experiment of far-red light LED and white light LED were designed on three rice varieties.Germination rate，germination potential，germination index，root length，plant height，stem diameter and dry matter mass were observed in seed germination and seedling growth of three rice varieties.Germination parameters of rice seeds irradiated by far-red light LED were significantly improved.Germination potential increased by 6.38%～16.20%.Germination rate increased by 2.81%～10.33%.Germination index increased by 24.12%～30.84%.The far-red LED irradiation also promoted development of rice seedlings.Root length，plant height and stem diameter of rice seedling increased by 3.01%～22.96%，14.58%～14.68% and 14.50%～14.74%.Growth rate of dry matter mass was about 2.22%～6.06%.The new far-red light LED irradiation is an effective way to promote seed germination efficiency and seedling growth of rice.The research provides a theoretical support for light regulation of rice seed germination and seedling growth，and opens up a new space for development of photosynthetic agriculture and semiconductor lighting industry.
Effects of Seed Coating Agents on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat
2021, 11(6): 131-136.
Abstract(27) [PDF 729KB](8)
Abstract:
With Bainong 207 as experimental material，four kinds of seed coating agents，35% chlorfenapyr·methyl cream，31.9% pentazole·imidacloprid，12% pyrazole·fungicide and 12% thifenapyr·phenylether suspension coating agent，were selected to study germination characteristics and seedling growth characteristics of wheat by indoor germination test and field test，with clear water as control.Results of indoor germination test showed that seed coating could improve germination rate of seeds，but reduce germination potential and germination index，and significantly improve transport capacity and rate of seed storage materials.Field experiment showed that root length，surface area，volume and number of root tips of coated wheat seedlings were better than those of the control，seedling quality was better，dry matter accumulation was more，leaf color was dark green，and photosynthetic characteristics were better.Results showed that the best treatment effect was 12% thifenitrile phenethyl suspension seed coating agent.
Selection of Farmer's Production Mode Considering Random Yield and Threshold of Contract Farming
2021, 11(6): 137-143.
Abstract(48) [PDF 1526KB](16)
Abstract:
Aiming at problem of model selection faced by farmers in actual production，based on consideration of random yield and threshold of contract farming，a Stackelberg game model of“company+farmer”was constructed.Optimal decision making behavior of farmers under two modes of“independent production”and“contract farming”was compared and analyzed.When threshold was low，farmers should pay attention to market size and market price.Only when the market size was large and market price was low，they should choose to join“contract farming”model，otherwise they should choose“independent production”model.When threshold was high，if the market price was low and threshold was at an appropriate level，it was better to choose the“contract farming”model.

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