2021 Vol. 11, No. 7

Display Method:
International Competition Situation and Research Focus on Unmanned Tractors
2021, 11(7): 9-16.
Abstract:
Taking SCI papers related to unmanned tractor research as the object,comprehensively using bibliometric methods,paper content analysis methods and expert consultation methods,through analyses of paper output trends,hot research topics,leading countries and key research contents,etc.,development trend,international competition situation and hotspot directions of unmanned tractor were revealed,with a view of providing decision support for optimizing research layout and project management.
Research Status and Prospect of Forage Grass Seed Harvester
2021, 11(7): 17-20.
Abstract:
Taking agronomic requirements and harvesting technology of forage grass seed harvest as starting point,development overview of forage grass seed harvesters at home and abroad was introduced and technical characteristics of typical models were listed.Problems of forage grass seed harvester in China were analyzed,such as low technical level,large grass seed loss,low cleanliness,poor adaptability and reliability,low efficiency and intelligence level.Development trend of forage grass seed harvester toward high quality,high technical level,high efficiency,high reliability,high clarity,low loss rate and combined harvest was put forward.It provides reference for research and development of forage grass seed harvester in China.
Types and Development Trend of Agricultural Pump in China
2021, 11(7): 21-26.
Abstract:
Pump is a kind of machine that converts mechanical energy of prime mover into pumped liquid energy.It is widely used in various fields of national production.In agricultural production,application of pump covers fields of irrigation,plant protection,fertilization and so on.It has played an important role in ensuring national food security.Development history,technical characteristics and research direction of various agricultural pumps were introduced.Development trends of agricultural pumps in improving reliability,life,efficiency,expanding specifications,integrating intelligent control system,lightweight and socialized production were summarized.
Application of Machine Vision Technology in Livestock and Poultry
2021, 11(7): 27-33.
Abstract:
With development of machine vision technology,especially after 2010,our country's machine vision technology has gradually received market attention,and application of machine vision has shown an upward trend year by year.Animal husbandry industry is also transforming from traditional stocking to intensive and intelligent.Combination of machine vision technology and animal husbandry was first applied in the 1960s and 1970s.Due to limitation of breeding environment,image processing technology,and computer hardware at that time,only stay at the preliminary research stage.Nowadays,development of modern high-tech such as graphic images,video information,and automatic control,etc,application of advanced artificial intelligence technology to improve current traditional backward breeding mode has ushered in new challenges.Application of machine vision in individual tracking,performance measurement and behavior judgment of livestock was expounded,and development of machine vision in animal husbandry was finally summarized and prospected.
Application and Development of Information Technology in Modern Animal Husbandry Production
2021, 11(7): 34-36.
Abstract:
Development of information technology has brought new opportunities and innovations for modern animal husbandry,the cross and fusion of various technologies make animal husbandry develop to direction of informatization,digitalization and intelligence.By introducing development of modern animal husbandry,application of information technology in various industrial chain links and integration of new technology,future development direction of animal husbandry was discussed,and basic support and theoretical basis were provided for efficient,healthy and sustainable development of modern animal husbandry.
Effectivity Evaluation of Soil High Temperature Steam Disinfection Against Tomato Root-knot Nematode
2021, 11(7): 37-40.
Abstract:
In order to solve problems of pesticide residues,food safety and environmental pollution caused by traditional chemical control in continuous cropping of soil,a mobile soil high-temperature steam disinfection machine was introduced and technical feasibility was analyzed.According to field experiment and data analysis,the number of tomato root-knot nematode could be significantly reduced and damage of tomato root-knot nematode could be effectively controlled by using high temperature steam treatment technology for 2 hours.Results showed that nematode degradation rate of root-knot nematodes was 92.9% after 2 days of high temperature steam treatment.Control effect of mobile soil high temperature steam disinfection on tomato root-knot nematode was up to 92.7%.This study provided a physical control method for tomato root-knot nematode,and provided a new way to overcome obstacles of continuous cropping in soil.
Evaluation of Antibiotic Pollution in Soil of Vegetable Base in Yangling District,Shaanxi Province
2021, 11(7): 41-46.
Abstract:
In order to evaluate pollution status of antibiotics in soil of vegetable bases in Yangling District,contents of 19 antibiotics in 4 categories of quinolones,tetracyclines,sulfonamides and macrolides in soil samples from 20 bases were detected and analyzed.Results showed that,quinolones,sulfonamides and tetracyclines were all detected in 100% of soil samples,and detection rate of macrolides was 62%.The average contents of four antibiotics from high to low were quinolones(51.76 μg/kg)>tetracyclines(12.77 μg/kg)>sulfonamides(1.14 μg/kg)>macrolides(0.28 μg/kg),and norfloxacin,oxytetracycline,sulfamethazine and erythromycin were the main contents,respectively.According to trigger value of ecological toxic effect of antibiotics in soil(100 μg/kg)proposed by the Steering Committee of the International Coordinating Committee for Veterinary Medicine(VICH),contents of four classes of antibiotics in soil of study area were all lower than trigger value,indicating a small ecological risk.Compared with other domestic research reports,vegetable bases in this study area were also at a relatively low level of antibiotic pollution.
Purification of Black and Odorous Water in Rural River by Immobilized Compound Microbial Inoculant
2021, 11(7): 47-51.
Abstract:
With development of rural economy,pollution of rivers around rural areas also occurs.In order to purify black and odorous water around rural areas,feasibility of water purification by immobilized compound microbial inoculant(ICMI)was studied.Results showed that selected strains were immobilized with steam exploded corn straw powder,which had better water purification ability.At the same time,the steam-exploded corn straw powder was used as an additional carbon source to enhance removal of ammonia nitrogen.Under the condition of 1∶50,the ICMI could be reused for more than 3 times(15 days).For black and odorous water,the removal ratios of chemical oxygen demand,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus could reach 90.85%,92.64% and 90.23%.
Influence of Disastrous Weather on Agricultural Production and Disaster Prevention and Reduction Measures in Fuxin City
2021, 11(7): 52-56.
Abstract:
Under background of global warming,all kinds of extreme disastrous weather are increasing,which brings serious harm to agricultural production.Main agricultural disaster weather includes hail,rainstorm,strong wind,drought,frost and cold wave etc.in Fuxin City of Liaoning Province.Occurrence characteristics and distribution of various disaster weather were summarized based on meteorological observation data of Fuxin City from 2000 to 2019.Impact of disastrous weather on agricultural production was expounded.Scientific and effective measures for disaster prevention and reduction were put forward.It provides reference for better prevention of agrometeorological disasters.
Evaluation of Apple Pulp Texture Based on Puncture Mechanics Experiment
2021, 11(7): 57-63.
Abstract:
Puncture mechanical properties of Golden Delicious and Fuji apple pulp were analyzed to provide a reference for evaluation of fruit texture.Taking Golden Delicious and Fuji apple as research object,using TA.XT plus texture analyzer,eight loading speeds of 0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,5.0,9.0,13.0 and 17.0 mm/s were selected to carry out puncture mechanical tests on apple pulp,and changes of fruit essence were analyzed.Results showed that:for Golden Delicious varieties,Heidenreich index CD and Ktenioudaki index CD' had higher sensitivity and were suitable for evaluating pulp Brittleness;for Fuji varieties,curve linear length D,curve length ratio D/DS,Heidenreich index CD,Ktenioudaki index CD',and Heidenreich index Cn had higher sensitivity and were suitable for evaluating pulp brittleness;loading speed and variety had no significant effect on puncture texture parameters of the pulp.
金华市农业科学研究院(浙江省农业机械研究院),浙江 金华321017
2021, 11(7): 64-67.
Abstract:
Tea seed oil is rich in natural tea polyphenols,squalene,vitamin E and other functional active ingredients,its nutritional value is comparable to olive oil.Tea seed is easy to be moldy after picking,and moldy tea seed will cause excessive benzo pyrene content in tea seed oil,thus affecting quality and taste of finished oil.Most of the tea seed shell cleaning use manual and mechanical operation.According to structural characteristics of tea seed,automatic processing technology of tea seed shelling,cleaning and color separation was analyzed,problems of incomplete shell kernel separation,low screening efficiency and high cost in the process of tea seed separation were analyzed,so as to promote high quality,high efficiency and green development of tea seed oil industry.
Technical Specification for Potato Water and Fertilizer Integration
2021, 11(7): 68-72.
Abstract:
In view of nonstandard operation of potato water and fertilizer integration irrigation system in China,technical specification of potato water and fertilizer integration was formulated.Potato water and fertilizer integration irrigation is the best irrigation method recognized in the world.Potato water and fertilizer integration irrigation can not only greatly reduce use of agricultural irrigation,but also significantly reduce use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides,which plays a very important role in protecting environment and purifying groundwater.Combined with agronomic requirements of potato planting and operation requirements of water and fertilizer integration,operation technology process of intelligent potato water and fertilizer integration system was formulated,and facility requirements,hardware system operation and potato agronomic planting were standardized.It provides a reasonable technical reference for majority of potato planting users,and provides a theoretical basis for popularization of high-efficiency drip irrigation,fertilization and application of potato.
Application of Drip Irrigation Water-fertilizer Coupling Technology in Crop Cultivation in Arid Area of Northwest China
2021, 11(7): 73-76.
Abstract:
Water and nutrient are key factors affecting growth and development of crops.It is helpful for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of crops to clarify rules of water and fertilizer requirements and their interaction.Because of extreme shortage of water resources in arid areas of Northwest China,drip irrigation coupled with water and fertilizer technology can accurately and evenly apply water and fertilizer to crop roots.Advantages of drip irrigation water fertilizer coupling technology and its effects on crops in northwest arid area were summarized.By expanding range of water and nutrient transport in crop root zone,drip irrigation water and fertilizer coupling technology is conducive to absorption and utilization of water and nutrients,and achieves goal of water saving,fertilizer saving,yield increasing and quality regulating.Advantages of drip irrigation water and fertilizer coupling technology are to improve water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of crops,promote high-quality and high-yield cultivation of crops,reduce field labor,and be conducive to development of healthy green sustainable agriculture.
Effects of Water-fertilizer Coupling on Growth and Yield of Pepper
2021, 11(7): 77-80.
Abstract:
Traditional farmland irrigation and fertilization methods not only waste labor costs,but also have low utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer,resulting in a certain degree of resource waste.Crops have different demand for water and fertilizer in whole growth cycle.Water fertilizer coupling technology can achieve purpose of saving water and fertilizer,high quality and high yield by regulating reasonable cooperation of irrigation and fertilizer in time,dosage and irrigation mode during crop growth.Effects of water fertilizer coupling on growth,photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of pepper were reviewed and analyzed.Results showed that appropriate amount of irrigation and fertilization not only supplemented soil water in time,but also benefited soil fertilizer efficiency.The coupling interaction between water and fertilizer was more obvious,which promoted growth of pepper plants and improved yield and quality of crops.Finally,future agricultural planting mode was prospected.
Application of RS and GIS in Cultivated Land Reserve Remote Sensing Monitoring:Taking Xiangshan District,Huaibei City,Anhui Province as an Example
2021, 11(7): 81-86.
Abstract:
Since the second land survey,land use dynamic remote sensing monitoring,as an important part of the national land change survey,has assisted local governments to carry out all kinds of change surveys and protect red line of cultivated land,providing basic information for comprehensive supervision platform of land and resources.Taking Xiangshan District of Huaibei City as an example,process of making orthophoto map(DOM)with ERDAS software was introduced.Combined with RS and GIS technology,cultivated land backup information extraction was carried out through visual interpretation and computer automatic processing.
Design of Pneumatic Hole Seed Metering Device for Precision Direct Seeding Component of Leafy Vegetables
2021, 11(7): 87-90.
Abstract:
In view of current situation that traditional seed metering device is difficult to achieve precision sowing due to small particle size,large sowing amount and irregular shape of leafy vegetable seeds,a kind of pneumatic hole seed metering device for precision direct seeding component of leafy vegetables was designed.The seed metering device adopted combined seed metering principle of positive and negative air pressure,which could simplify structure and quantity of seed metering device of planter,and improve working efficiency and quality of seed metering device.Performance test results showed that when suction nozzle suction time was 1.0 s,air blowing suction nozzle time was 0.3 s and air needle cleaning time was 0.3 s,comprehensive performance of productivity,replay rate and hole rate were the best,which were 12 800 holes per hour,3.98% and 3.95% respectively.
Development and Application of Mobile Artificial Light Stereo High Efficiency Seedling Box
2021, 11(7): 91-94.
Abstract:
Although great progress has been made in research and development of nursery facilities,there are still problems such as insufficient environmental regulation,quality of nursery needs to be further improved,and low utilization rate of nursery facilities.In response to above situation,Beijing Agricultural Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.has carried out design of a mobile artificial light stereo high-efficiency seedling box,which could provide the most suitable environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity for seedlings and improve utilization of seedling facilities.
Optimization of Differential Connection Hydraulic System of Stabilizing Valve Based on AMESim Simulation
2021, 11(7): 95-99.
Abstract:
In order to alleviate jitter that occurs when hydraulic cylinder in traditional differential connection hydraulic system pushes workpiece quickly,AMESim simulation software was used to add a pressure stabilizing valve to traditional differential connection hydraulic system model to construct a pressure stabilization differential connection hydraulic system.Through design of comparative test,pressure fluctuation of pressure stabilizing differential connection hydraulic system and traditional differential hydraulic system when hydraulic cylinder pushed workpiece or empty distance was compared,equivalent opening diameter of pressure stabilizing valve was adjusted,influence of pressure stabilizing valve parameters on pressure stabilizing differential connection hydraulic system was studied,and the best parameter value was determined.Simulation results showed that:pressure stabilizing differential connection hydraulic system could obviously slow down shaking phenomenon when hydraulic cylinder pushed workpiece;when equivalent opening diameter of pressure stabilizing valve was set to 2.9 mm,pressure fluctuation of hydraulic cylinder was obviously weakened;when equivalent opening diameter of pressure stabilizing valve increased from 0.001 mm to 5 mm,time spent for inlet pressure of hydraulic cylinder to stabilize firstly decreased and then increased,and pressure fluctuation at inlet of hydraulic cylinder firstly decreased and then increased.Compared with traditional differential connection hydraulic system,pressure stabilizing differential connection hydraulic system realized a certain degree of optimization in stability of hydraulic cylinder.Theoretically,it could reduce energy consumption and improve stability of the system after it was put into production,so as to provide parameter reference for secondary development and basis for simulation test of pressure stabilizing valve in other hydraulic systems.
Application of“Multiple Mutual Trust and Confidence Method”in Teaching of Food Engineering Principles
2021, 11(7): 100-104.
Abstract:
There are some problems in teaching of food engineering principles due to its wide content and difficulty,such as dull teaching atmosphere,poor interaction between teachers and students,poor self-learning enthusiasm of students,etc.In order to solve teaching dilemma,“multiple mutual trust and confidence method”was first proposed and successfully applied to teaching of food engineering principles.A challenging flipped classroom has been built by using information resources and teaching effect was very good.Practice has proved that“multiple mutual trust and confidence method”could improve teaching quality,improve teaching atmosphere,enhance interaction between teachers and students,improve students' learning enthusiasm.And it could promote formation of a virtuous circle of teaching and learning,and optimize teaching effect.
Training Mode of Food Machinery Characteristic Talents in Food Science and Engineering Specialty Based on Agricultural Machinery Engineering
2021, 11(7): 105-108.
Abstract:
Necessity of food machinery professional personnel training was analyzed.And then characteristic cultivation modes of Food Machinery major were discussed,combined with academic advantages of Jiangsu University in the field of Agricultural Machinery.This study focused on discussion of four dimensions of specialty construction,engineering practice,teacher team,and cultivating targets,and beneficial ideas were put forward for comprehensive targets of talent-cultivating on Food Machinery major,to better serve national strategy and industrial needs.
Organic Integration Path of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education and First-rate Professional Education in Agronomy in Ankang University
2021, 11(7): 109-112.
Abstract:
Innovation and entrepreneurship education and“double first-class”construction are the major deployment of national innovation driven development strategy and higher education reform.Taking Ankang University for example,development status of innovation and entrepreneurship education in local colleges were analyzed,and path choices of organic integration of innovation and entrepreneurship education and first-rate professional education in majors of agronomy were discussed.It has a certain theoretical and practical significance for increasing quality of applied innovative personnel training in local colleges.
Effects of Light Intensity on Nutritional Quality and Phenolic Content of Pea and Radish Sprouts
2021, 11(7): 113-119.
Abstract:
In order to study effects of light intensity on nutritional quality and phenolic content of pea and radish sprouts,using“Green Valley Ma Pea No.2”and“Green Valley White Sliced Turnip with Sauce No.3”as materials,dynamic changes of growth characteristics(plant height,stem diameter,shoot fresh weight,shoot dry weight),nutritional quality(soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,vitamin C content)and phenolic content(total phenol content,total flavonoid content)were explord.Results showed that,in pea sprouting vegetables,aboveground fresh weight of treatment B[30 μmol/(m2·s)]was the highest,which was 0.453 g,and the highest content of total phenols and flavonoids in treatment A[20 μmol/(m2·s)]was 471.14 ng/L,2.30 mg/g.With the increase of growth time of sprouts,contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein and vitamin C increased gradually.In radish sprouting vegetables,compared with other treatments,shoot fresh weight,soluble sugar,vitamin C content and total phenol content of treatment D[100 μmol/(m2·s)]were the highest.To sum up,in production of pea sprouts,30 μmol/(m2·s)could increase the yield,and 20 μmol/(m2·s)could improve nutritional quality and phenolic content.It was suggested that light intensity should be selected according to the demand.In radish sprouts,100 μmol/(m2·s)light intensity could not only increase yield but also improve nutritional quality.
Effects of Different Potassium Concentrations in Nutrient Solution on Growth,Quality and Nutrient Solution Utilization Efficiency of Hydroponic Lettuce
2021, 11(7): 120-126.
Abstract:
Taking“Flanders”lettuce as research object,five nutrient solution potassium concentrations of 0.6(T1),1.5(T2),2.4(T3),3.0(T4)and 6.0(T5)mmol/L-1 were set up to explore effects of different nutrient solution potassium concentrations on growth,yield,quality,nutrient solution consumption and nutrient solution utilization efficiency of hydroponic lettuce.Results showed that,T4 treatment had the largest leaf area,which increased by 9.33%~65.91% compared with other treatments.Potassium concentration treatment of nutrient solution had no significant effect on SPAD value of lettuce leaves.T4 treatment had the largest crown fresh weight,which increased by 5.91%~145.82%,the root fresh weight of T3 treatment was the largest,which increased by 0.30%~71.88% compared with other treatments.Potassium concentration of nutrient solution was negatively correlated with soluble sugar of lettuce,and it had no significant effect on VC content and no significant effect on lettuce nitrate content.T1 treatment consumed the least nutrient solution,which was 16.01%~35.63% less than other treatments.T5 treatment consumed the most nutrient solution,which was 2.39%~55.48% more than other treatments.T1 treatment has the lowest nutrient solution utilization efficiency,nutrient solution utilization efficiency of T4 treatment was the highest,which was 2.21%~61.89% higher than other treatments.Through relationship between lettuce yield,nutrient solution utilization efficiency and nutrient solution potassium concentration,optimization of nutrient solution potassium concentration was established.When nutrient solution potassium concentration was 3.9 mmol/L,yield of lettuce was the highest,which was 142.03 g/plant;when potassium concentration of nutrient solution was 3.5 mmol/L,nutrient solution utilization efficiency of lettuce was the highest,which was 186.16 g/L.Based on comprehensive considerations,3.7 mmol/L was optimized to be optimum potassium concentration in nutrient solution for hydroponic lettuce.
Effects of Different Color Film Mulching on Soil Temperature,Potato Growth and Yield
2021, 11(7): 127-132.
Abstract:
Effects of different color film mulching on field soil temperature,potato growth and yield were studied to provide scientific basis and technical guidance for potato planting in Yunnan Plateau.In field experiment,three treatments were set up: black film(BM),transparent film(TM),and no film(NM).Test results showed that,compared with no film mulching,potatoes could increase soil temperature of 0~20 cm soil layer and promote early emergence of potato seedlings,and black film has a more significant warming effect than transparent mulching.Test results of potato plant height and dry matter quality showed that film treatment was greater than no film treatment.Number of potato tubers graded,weight of potato tubers graded,and yield of tubers per plant and plot yield were higher than those without film mulching,and black film mulching had the most significant yield increase effect.Through experiment,it was concluded that film mulching could improve soil temperature,increase emergence rate of potatoes and yield of tubers.
Situation of Dairy Producers Carrying out Dairy Processing by Applying for License for Small Scale Food Processing Facilities
2021, 11(7): 133-137.
Abstract:
In order to explore causes and development situation of pattern of dairy farmers' processing through small scale food processing facilities,regulations in various regions related to small scale food processing facilities were sorted out in the study.Results showed that dairy producers of six provinces(autonomous region)such as Xinjiang,Qinghai,Inner Mongolia,Gansu,Ningxia,and Yunnan could made dairy product through authorized means and get the license.Development of ethnic traditional dairy products could be promoted,equity of ethnic traditional dairy market could be improved,outside option of dairy producers could be enhanced when dairy producers were permitted to produce dairy product by applying for the license for small scale food processing facilities.But the product category was limited,part of sales channels was not allowed to enter and policy awareness rate was low and there were quality and safety risks.To solve these questions,suggestions were put forward to optimize industrial policies,widen policy advocacy,and strengthen oversight of food safety.
Mechanism and Empirical Research of Infrastructure Investment Promoting Industrial Structure Upgrading of State-owned Farms
2021, 11(7): 138-142.
Abstract:
As the only way of economic development,upgrading of industrial structure cannot be separated from assistance of infrastructure investment as advance capital and necessary prerequisite for economic development.The study on relationship between the two will help state-owned farms get rid of economic development dilemma.Using VAR model,impulse response function and other measurement methods,taking state-owned farms in agricultural reclamation system as research object,relationship between infrastructure investment and upgrading of industrial structure of state-owned farms in agricultural reclamation system was discussed by using data of China Agricultural Reclamation Statistical Yearbook from 2004 to 2017.It was found that infrastructure investment has a long-term pulling effect on upgrading of industrial structure.Based on long-term effect,some policy suggestions were put forward,such as establishing special funds,clarifying investment period of infrastructure,and persisting in continuous investment.
Optimization Suggestions on E-commerce Policy about Agricultural Products under New Development Pattern of “Dual Circle”
2021, 11(7): 143-147.
Abstract:
New development pattern of“dual circle”is a great opportunity to promote agricultural modernization,and it is the fundamental way for China's small-scale peasant economy to move toward modernization.As the most basic trade market in China,agricultural products market has a great potential to promote development of domestic demand in China,and it has played an important role in it.According to preliminary survey in Yicheng City,Hubei Province,there was still a long way to promote development of agricultural products e-commerce.Based on analysis of existing literature,traditional agricultural products e-commerce policy was sorted out and studied.Problems of incomplete,implementation in the policy were analyzed.it was put forward to optimize agricultural products e-commerce policies through policy tools from three dimensions:supply,environment and demand.
Exploration and Practice of Serving Rural Revitalization Strategy in Local Agriculture Related Higher Vocational Colleges:A Case Study of Xianyang Vocational and Technical College
2021, 11(7): 148-152.
Abstract:
As an important force in promoting rural revitalization strategy,local agriculture related higher vocational colleges must fully understand that they shoulder mission and responsibility of improving talent training quality,enhancing ability of scientific research and social service,and serving rural revitalization strategy,under policy environment of“Double High Plan”construction.Based on analysis of current situation and difficulties of local agriculture related higher vocational colleges service for rural revitalization strategy,Xianyang Vocational and Technical College,by means of building consensus,precise positioning and expanding school running space,has constructed a scientific research and promotion platform,formed a service mode of“school-government-enterprise-industry cooperation,production-education-research collaboration”,built a diversified and integrated double qualified faculty team,and improve long-term guarantee mechanism in the school,so as to explore ways of providing high quality services for regional economic and social development,and boost rural revitalization.