2021 Vol. 11, No. 8

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International Competition Situation and Research Focus on Internet of Things for Agricultural Equipment
2021, 11(8): 9-18.
Abstract(35) [PDF 1757KB](9)
Abstract:
Taking SCI papers related to internet of things for agricultural equipment research as the object，comprehensively using bibliometric methods，paper content analysis methods and expert consultation methods，through analyses of paper output trends，hot research topics，leading countries and key research contents，etc.，development trend，international competition situation and hotspot directions of internet of things for agricultural equipment were revealed，with a view of providing decision support for optimizing research layout and project management.
Application Research of Mechanization Technology in Key Links of River Crab Breeding
2021, 11(8): 19-23.
Abstract(35) [PDF 3689KB](9)
Abstract:
Combined with current situation of mechanized breeding of river crab，comparison，selection and application points of machines and tools in key links such as feeding，oxygen enrichment，water grass harvesting，water quality monitoring and control were elaborated，technical route of mechanized breeding was put forward，intelligent application was studied，economic benefit was analyzed，and basic conditions for demonstration and promotion of mechanized breeding of river crab were summarized.
Key Technology and Equipment of Sweet Potato Transplanting and Harvesting
2021, 11(8): 24-28.
Abstract(40) [PDF 5800KB](12)
Abstract:
As an important agricultural product and industrial raw material，sweet potato has been widely used in food processing and industrial production.Because of its strong ability to adapt to climate，low requirements for planting conditions and stable and high yield characteristics，sweet potato has been widely planted in China.However，due to large loss of rural labor population in recent years，planting and harvesting of sweet potato has brought a huge impact.In addition，development of sweet potato transplanting and harvesting machinery in China is not very mature，and production process with low degree of automation is time-consuming and labor-consuming.Therefore，market demand for high-quality and efficient sweet potato production machinery is very urgent.On the basis of studying key technologies of sweet potato planting and harvesting machinery at home and abroad，current situation，existing problems and future development direction of sweet potato planting and harvesting machinery were analyzed in combination with China′s national conditions.
Application of Discrete Element Method in Agricultural Engineering
2021, 11(8): 29-34.
Abstract(68) [PDF 9832KB](14)
Abstract:
Basic principle of discrete element method was summarized，and commonly used software and its characteristics were introduced.Application of discrete element method in tillage，planting，harvesting and other agricultural machinery R & D was reviewed.Typical examples of application of discrete element method in agricultural machinery research and design at home and abroad were discussed and analyzed.Application prospect and trend of discrete element method in the field of agricultural engineering were prospected，in order to provide reference for further development of modern agricultural equipment digital design.
Automatic Feeding Track Machine Power Management System
2021, 11(8): 35-39.
Abstract(27) [PDF 5995KB](6)
Abstract:
Aiming at problems such as less of working hours length of fish farm feeding machine，untimely detection of lithium battery undervoltage，affecting working efficiency and reducing battery service life，a remote feeding machine battery management system based on LORA was designed.It realized real-time detection and feedback function of voltage，temperature and current of single battery of lithium battery pack powered by feeding machine in fishing ground，and charges and discharges according to state of lithium battery in time.The system has advantages of real-time，accuracy，safety and high efficiency.It could effectively solve problems of untimely charging and affecting work efficiency.The test data and results proved accuracy and safety of lithium battery management system of feeder.
Application of Machine Vision in Agricultural Engineering
2021, 11(8): 40-48.
Abstract(67) [PDF 1251KB](24)
Abstract:
In the whole process of agricultural production，machine vision has a huge development space and market prospect in agricultural intelligent equipment，such as crop seed screening and detection，information detection in the process of crop growth，control of diseases，insects and weeds，nondestructive detection of fruits and mechanized picking.Application characteristics and advantages of various vision sensors and image segmentation algorithms in the process of image acquisition and processing were introduced，and existing problems in application of machine vision technology in agricultural engineering and future development direction were put forward，so as to provide reference for further realization of precision agriculture and agricultural automation.
Chinese Bee Image Recognition Method Based on Gabor Filter and SVM
2021, 11(8): 49-52.
Abstract(45) [PDF 2048KB](10)
Abstract:
In order to reduce difficulty of Chinese bee image recognition process caused by interference factors of different light intensities and different contrasts，a bee image recognition method based on combination of Gabor filtering，PCA dimensionality reduction and SVM was proposed.The research was to perform grayscale and normalization processing on artificially collected Chinese bee images，and use Gabor filter technology to extract image features of processed pictures，and further use PCA to linearly reduce high-dimensional feature vectors，and finally the pictures.The matrix was classified and identified through SVM with different kernel functions.The SVM with different kernel functions was used for comparative modeling，and modeling time，recognition accuracy，and image recognition time of the Chinese bee image after feature extraction were tested and analyzed.This experiment showed that the image of Chinese bee was extracted by Gabor feature and reduced by PCA.The feature matrix obtained through SVM with the kernel function of Sigmoid has the best recognition characteristics.
Effects of Biochar on Aerobic Composting of Chicken Manure
2021, 11(8): 53-58.
Abstract(60) [PDF 999KB](12)
Abstract:
As a composting conditioner，biochar plays an important role in speeding up process of livestock and poultry manure aerobic composting，enhancing quality of composting and improving composting technology.Corn straw and leaves were mixed with chicken manure for composting experiment.The influence of biochar on composting process was analyzed by studying changes of reactor temperature，water content，pH value，electrical conductivity and nutrient contents of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium.Results showed that adding biochar could effectively shorten composting cycle by 2~3 d.In the early stage，adding biochar would increase pH value of pile body，but it had no significant effect on final composting product.The EC value of adding biochar was lower than that of not adding biochar，indicating that biochar had a good fixation effect on free salt ions.Through detection of main nutrients at each stage of heap material，contents of total nitrogen，total phosphorus and total potassium in biochar compost were higher than those in non-adding group.The total nitrogen content of MSA and LA increased by 0.35% and 0.53%，respectively，compared with MS and L，indicating that biochar had better nitrogen fixation effect.Comprehensive pH value，electrical conductivity，water content and other indicators，as a conditioner，biochar could promote aerobic fermentation process，which was conducive to improving quality of compost.
Smart Weather Service System for Agriculture under Rural Revitalization Strategy
2021, 11(8): 59-63.
Abstract(29) [PDF 680KB](8)
Abstract:
According to demand characteristics of new agricultural operators under rural revitalization strategy，problems existing in traditional agricultural meteorological service were analyzed.The combination points of meteorological service and demand of new agricultural operators were discussed.Ideas of promoting intelligent meteorological service for agriculture were proposed，such as building brand of agricultural meteorological service，carrying out direct service，exploring multi-party cooperation mode.According to concept of smart weather serving agriculture，based on needs of new agricultural operators，whole process smart service technology solution for agriculture was proposed.Technology solution could promote overall improvement of ability of weather serving agriculture and promote rapid development of new agricultural business entities under rural revitalization strategy.
Countermeasures of Urban Agricultural Tourism Environment Improvement in Shangwang Village Mountain Tourism Belt，Chang′an District，Xi′an City
2021, 11(8): 64-66.
Abstract(29) [PDF 528KB](6)
Abstract:
Shangwang Village，Chang′an District，as a“professional village of farmhouse entertainment”，is the benchmark of urban agricultural tourism in the mountainous tourism belt of Xi′an.However，its serious environmental damage and pollution have become one of the urgent problems to be solved in the urban agricultural tourism of mountainous tourism belt of Xi′an.Based on the field investigation of Shangwang Village in Chang′an District and discussion with Xi′an Rural Human Settings Environment Improvement Office，reasons for environmental deterioration of urban agricultural tourism in Shangwang Village in Chang′an District，tourism economic belt around the mountain of Xi′an City were analyzed，and corresponding corrective measures were put forward.
New Technology of High Humidity and Temperature Conditioning and Expansion of Rice Bran
2021, 11(8): 67-74.
Abstract(28) [PDF 13094KB](7)
Abstract:
According to actual situation of domestic rice production enterprises，key technology of high humidity and high temperature expansion and preservation of rice bran was put forward.In view of short preservation time of rice bran in summer，method of high humidity and high temperature was used to puff and cold dry rice bran，which inhibited rancidity process of rice bran.At the same time，on premise of saving plant land as much as possible，rice bran production process line was distributed among multiple floors to achieve effect of small rice bran processing area and high product quality.At actual production level，problem of rapid deterioration of rice bran in summer in previous rice bran processing process was solved，which was suitable for promotion and application of process in small and medium-sized rice bran processing enterprises，its economic and social benefits were remarkable.
Effects of Water Regulation and Planting Patterns on Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Lycium barbarum
2021, 11(8): 75-81.
Abstract(18) [PDF 1302KB](5)
Abstract:
In order to solve practical production problem of water and soil resources shortage，water regulation and planting patterns of Lycium barbarum in Yellow River irrigation area were explored.A field experiment of two factor randomized block including four water gradients （full irrigation W0，75%～85%；mild deficit W1，65%～75%；moderate deficit W2，55%～65%；severe deficit W3，45%～55%） and two planting patterns （monoculture D and intercropping Alfalfa J） were set to study effects of different irrigations and planting patterns on soil water content，water consumption characteristics，growth，yield and water use efficiency.Results showed that，total water consumption of Lycium barbarum decreased with water deficit increasing，and intercropping increased water consumption，but increased proportion of irrigation utilization.The growth rate of Lycium barbarum was slowed down with aggravation of water deficit，while intercropping Alfalfa inhibited that of Lycium barbarum.The present study also showed that the 100～seed weight of Lycium barbarum dry fruit increased by W1，yield and water use efficiency of Lycium barbarum was the highest under full irrigation W0 and W1.On the other hand，intercropping Alfalfa had insignificant effect on yield and reduced water use efficiency of Lycium barbarum，but comprehensive benefit was improved due to output of Alfalfa.In general，growth and water use efficiency of Lycium barbarum under mild water regulation W1 （65%～75%） showed a better performance.Intercropping would affect growth of Lycium barbarum to a certain extent，but could improve water and soil resources use efficiency.
Comprehensive Configuration and Management of Water Conservancy Facilities for Ditch Regulation and Land Reclamation in Loess Plateau
2021, 11(8): 82-84.
Abstract(31) [PDF 563KB](5)
Abstract:
Ditch regulation and land reclamation is an important measure to solve shortage of cultivated land reserve resources in China.Solving safety problems of water use，drainage and flood control is the key to improvement of agricultural output and high-quality development of ecological environment.On the basis of summarizing problems of water resources utilization and flood control of water conservancy facilities in loess plateau，a comprehensive water conservancy supporting technology integrating water storage，drainage，flood control，irrigation and management in gully and land reclamation basin of loess plateau was proposed.Two peak discharge calculation formulas suitable for different catchment areas were recommended to provide basis for design of storage and drainage engineering.This technology was conducive to sustainable utilization of water resources and land security of gully and land reclamation in loess plateau.
Benefits of Land Consolidation for Suitable Large-medium Farm Mechanization of Chongqing
2021, 11(8): 86-89.
Abstract(33) [PDF 551KB](6)
Abstract:
Success of land consolidation for suitable large-medium farm mechanization not only opened up the“last kilometer”of large and medium-sized machines entering field，but also improved level of agricultural mechanization in hilly and mountainous areas.At the same time，it also significantly promoted economic，social and ecological benefits of agricultural production in hilly and mountainous areas.Economic，social and ecological benefits of agricultural production by land acquisition suitable for mechanization were studied and analyzed，which provided certain reference for subsequent development of land consolidation suitable for mechanization in Chongqing.
Mechanical Characteristics Test of 2ZSJ-4 Flexible Disc High Speed Transplanter
2021, 11(8): 90-96.
Abstract(34) [PDF 6955KB](17)
Abstract:
According to working principle of flexible disc high speed transplanter，taking three vegetable potted seedlings of broccoli，cabbage flower and pepper as experimental objects，mechanical property test was carried out aiming at row top seedling，vertical matrix block clamping and conveying，disc straw clamping conveying，and other links.It provided design basis for jacking force of seedling jacking rod，installation spacing of longitudinal conveyor belt and installation parameters of planting disc.Bowl push-out seedling force test，flexible compression test of bowl and stem compression characteristic test were carried out by using texture analyzer.Test results showed that average jacking forces of broccoli，cabbage flower and pepper were 10.8，13.57 and 9.97 N respectively.Taking maximum value of 13.57 N as design basis，10 seedlings per row were pushed out，cylinder with jacking force of about 196 N was selected comprehensively considing influence of guide rail friction and so on.When splint spacing was 20 mm，average loss rates of potted substrate of broccoli，cabbage flower and pepper were 6.13%，6.39% and 11.82% respectively.It had little effect on growth of potted seedlings after planting.Therefore，distance between hard rubber layers of conveyor belt was determined as 20 mm.Yield strength of U segment bowl seedling stem of broccoli，cabbage flower and pepper were 0.933，0.931 and 0.928 MPa respectively.Minimum value of 0.928 MPa was selected as design basis to ensure that it could adapt to different pot seedling stems.
Design and Experiment of Vertical Slicer for Horticultural Landscape Banana Tree
2021, 11(8): 97-102.
Abstract(29) [PDF 8043KB](6)
Abstract:
According to pretreatment mode of banana tree recycling，a kind of banana tree mechanized slicing device was developed.The slicing device was composed of several disc knife backs arranged alternately on two power shafts，which were placed on the same horizontal plane at a certain angle and rotated in the opposite direction，so as to drive slicing cutter to rotate and cut.Firstly，the prototype was established by using CAD software，several typical chip combination schemes were simulated，and then physical prototype of slicing was built.Finally，the angle of power shaft，feeding speed，banana tree diameter and rotation speed of power shaft were selected as test factors to explore influence law between slice power and various test factors.Results of slicing test showed that scheme design of slicing mechanism was feasible，and the test results of influencing factors were available，which could provide reference for further research and development of banana tree recycling machinery.
Experiment and Analysis of Shearing Property of Rice Straws
2021, 11(8): 103-107.
Abstract(37) [PDF 1720KB](7)
Abstract:
To obtain mechanical characteristic parameters of rice straws，shearing properties of rice straws from different part were investigated.Influence of sampling part（top，middle，bottom and joint）and shearing velocity（20，50，100，150，200 and 250 mm/min）on shearing force of rice straws was studied.Results showed that sampling height and shearing velocity revealed significant impact on shearing force，respectively.Shearing force increased with sampling section from top to bottom.Shearing force obtained by higher shearing velocity was less than the lower one.Meanwhile，no significant difference between shearing force of higher and middle shearing velocity.As a result，it is advisable to take medium shearing velocity.Result of this study can provide theoretical and experimental data support for design and manufacture of shear parts in rice straw harvester and rice straw crusher.
Automatic TIG Welding Machine for Oil Fine Filter
2021, 11(8): 108-111.
Abstract(25) [PDF 2391KB](6)
Abstract:
Application，structure and working principle of automatic TIG welding machine were introduced.It was mainly composed of TIG welding machine，welding platform，welding positioner，automatic wire feeder device，argon cylinder，wire，cable and corresponding automatic control system.It has characteristics of compact structure，perfect function，reliable operation and good welding quality.
Design and Test of 4YZ-3B Self-propelled Corn Harvester
2021, 11(8): 112-115.
Abstract(93) [PDF 3109KB](15)
Abstract:
In view of weak links in integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy in whole process mechanized harvesting of maize in Shanxi Province，4YZ-3B self-propelled corn harvester was developed.Design ideas and technical parameters of key components of the machine were introduced，and the prototype was tested to provide suitable models for corn harvesting to adapt to different regions，different planting modes，different varieties，different harvest periods，different yields，and different ear heights.
Hybrid Teaching Practice Based on“Cloud Classroom”and BOPPPS Teaching Mode
2021, 11(8): 116-119.
Abstract(31) [PDF 555KB](7)
Abstract:
Taking course of Chemical Fundamentals and Analytical Techniques of food specialty as an example，practice of online and offline mixed teaching based on“cloud classroom”and BOPPPS teaching mode was introduced，practical effects of traditional teaching and teaching reform were compared.It provides a reference way for teaching reform in information age.
Application of Experiment on Proliferation Effect of Prebiotics on Probiotics in Undergraduate Teaching
2021, 11(8): 120-124.
Abstract(27) [PDF 761KB](6)
Abstract:
Taking two prebiotics fructooligosaccharides（FOS）and isomaltooligosaccharides（IMO）as carbon source of culture medium，sugar free medium and ordinary MRS medium as negative and positive controls，effect of oligosaccharide prebiotics on proliferation of L.casei was investigate.Results showed that both FOS and IMO could promote proliferation of L.casei，and prebiotic effect of FOS was better than IMO.Effect of FOS on proliferation of probiotics was further explored by adding different concentrations of FOS as carbon source in sugar free medium.Results showed that proliferation of L.casei increased gradually with increase of FOS concentration.When FOS concentration was higher than 2%，continuous increase of concentration did not significantly promote proliferation of L.casei.This experimental content was open and exploratory.And it switched traditional “curriculum centered”experimental teaching to “problem centered”scientific research teaching.Application of experimental items in undergraduate teaching was summarized from selection of teaching cases，implementation process of experimental projects and discussion of experimental results.It provided reference for teaching reform of similar courses.
Conservation Tillage Technology Model in Anhui Province
2021, 11(8): 125-128.
Abstract(29) [PDF 560KB](13)
Abstract:
Conservation tillage technology can effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties and solve many problems caused by straw burying and returning to field.It is an important technical measure to promote straw returning to field.Key problems in application of conservation tillage technology were explored and solved through experiments and demonstration studies.Conservation tillage technology models suitable for three planting structures of continuous cropping of wheat and maize，wheat and soybean，rice and rape in Anhui province were summarized.
Effects of Partial Replacement of Chemical Fertilizers with Different Organic Fertilizers on Growth Dynamics and Grain Yield of Seed Corn in Hexi Oasis
2021, 11(8): 129-134.
Abstract(24) [PDF 726KB](5)
Abstract:
In order to reveal effects of different commercial organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on the plant height，stem diameter，leaf area，dry matter and yield of seed production corn，a field test of seed production corn was carried out in Hexi Oasis.One control and six treatments were set up，namely CK（local conventional fertilization），T1（commercial organic fertilizer“Xingshuo”2 500 kg/hm2+chemical fertilizer reduction 20%），T2（commercial organic fertilizer“Xingshuo”2 500 kg/hm2+chemical fertilizer reduction by 40%），T3（commercial organic fertilizer“Silu Shengfeng”2 500 kg/hm2+chemical fertilizer reduction by 20%），T4（commercial organic fertilizer“Silu Shengfeng”2 500 kg/hm2+chemical fertilizer reduction by 40%），T5（commercial organic fertilizer“Sanshengyuan”2 500 kg/hm2+chemical fertilizer reduction 20%）and T6（commercial organic fertilizer“Sanshengyuan”2 500 kg/hm2+chemical fertilizer reduction 40%）.Test results showed that under condition of 2 500 kg/hm2 of commercial organic fertilizer，treatment of reducing fertilizer by 20% could promote growth and development of seed production corn and dry matter accumulation.Plant height，stem diameter，leaf area and dry matter of T1 treatment at maturity stage increased significantly 4.38%，10.86%，10.85% and 10.01% compared with CK.Dry matter accumulation of T3 and T5 treatments increased by 3.09% and 3.53% compared with CK respectively.Corn grain yield of T1 and T3 treatments significantly increased by 11.25% and 9.28% compared with CK.Therefore，treatment of 20% reduction in chemical fertilizer under condition of applying commercial organic fertilizer 2 500 kg/hm2 was more beneficial to growth and development of seed production corn，and it could be used as feasible organic fertilizer combined application method in cultivation of seed corn production in Hexi Oasis.
Application of Internet of Things Management System in Apple Industry Chain：Taking Jingning Apple Industry in Gansu Province as an Example
2021, 11(8): 135-140.
Abstract(20) [PDF 909KB](6)
Abstract:
Using advantages of Internet of Things technology，application system of Internet of Things in apple industry chain was constructed to realize status monitoring，management process control，simulation prediction of apple industry and consulting services.The problems of apple planting quality control need to be solved were analyzed by using comparative analysis method：the Internet of Things，big data，blockchain and cloud computing technologies were applied to monitor the management process status of the orchard，improve apple quality through intelligent and precise management，and legally protect geographical origin of apples and apple processed products.Results indicated that application of Internet of Things technology could accelerate integration and sharing of big data of apple industry chain，reduce labor input cost，and promote high-quality development of apple industry through new generation of information technology.
Evaluation on Management Benefit of Family Farm in Longxi County of Gansu Province
2021, 11(8): 141-147.
Abstract(36) [PDF 968KB](11)
Abstract:
Taking family farm in Longxi County of Gansu Province as research main body，evaluation system based on economic benefit，social benefit，ecological benefit and scientific and technological benefit was constructed，entropy method was used to evaluate its benefits.Results showed that，in comprehensive benefit ranking，economic benefit was the strongest and ecological benefit was the weakest.The more optimized the factors such as education，business model and socialized service，the higher the comprehensive benefit.In economic benefit，cost utilization rate and labor productivity score were higher and benefit was better，but land output rate and commodity rate of agricultural products were lower，and problems of capital，labor and land were main factors that affect its benefit.In social benefit，social contribution and regional demonstration were better，but degree of connection between number of households and other main interests，customer satisfaction was not enough，brand effect and sales channels were main factors to restrain improvement of its efficiency.Among ecological benefits，organic utilization of agricultural wastes was better，but benefit was not obvious in water-saving irrigation and green，organic and pollution-free products.Accordingly，it was proposed to strengthen training of farmers，improve credit service，change business model，implement brand strategy and other ways to break through bottleneck of development and promote development of family farms in Longxi County.
Development Strategy of Cross-border E-commerce of Agricultural Products in China under Background of High-level Opening
2021, 11(8): 148-151.
Abstract(30) [PDF 657KB](14)
Abstract:
Based on the“14th five year plan”to create a new pattern of“double circulation”，starting from current situation of development of cross-border e-commerce of agricultural products in China，possible impact of pilot free trade zone and high-level open free trade agreements such as RCEP，CAI and CPTPP on development of cross-border e-commerce of agricultural products in China was analyzed.Some countermeasures were put forward，such as standardizing economic and trade rules，strengthening government support，strengthening brand construction，improving logistics level and paying attention to talent training，in order to promote high-quality and rapid development of cross-border e-commerce of agricultural products in China.

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