In order to prove role of mechanization in Salvia miltiorrhiza planting in Shandong Province and realize application of mechanization in Salvia miltiorrhiza planting, status quo of Salvia miltiorrhiza planting industry and mechanization of Salvia miltiorrhiza production in Shandong Province were investigated．According to analysis, whole mechanization of Salvia miltiorrhiza in Shandong Province is weak in planting and harvesting．These two links are different at present．Planting is in "no machine available", while seed harvesting is in "no machine available" and underground rhizome harvesting is in "no good machines available"．Restricting factors of mechanization in other links lie in planting scale, standardization and whether the field is suitable for mechanization．Problems in whole process mechanization of Salvia miltiorrhiza were analyzed, and some suggestions were put forward to promote mechanization of Salvia miltiorrhiza production in Shandong Province．

Strawberry industry has become an important part of modern urban agriculture in Beijing．However, most of strawberry production is still manual, especially ridging．A comparative experiment was taken to test problem of lack of special high efficiency ridging machine for strawberry in Beijing suburbs．Different types of ridging machines were tested in terms of operation efficiency, operation effect and operation cost．Test results showed that height of soil ridge raised by the K802P strawberry furrow and ridging machine was 33.9 cm, and soil ridge was compact without collapse, which could meet requirements of strawberry agricultural planting in suburbs of Beijing．Compared with traditional manual operation, operation efficiency increased by more than 10 times．

Path planning is crucial for autonomous reaping process and in particular reaping path should be as identical as possible to seeding trajectory so that autonomous vehicles can reap precisely．In the case of autonomous seeding, planned seeding path can be applied directly to reaping process, yet in the case of non-autonomous seeding in which there is no planned path, it is crucial to generate reaping path close to seeding trajectory．The most common applied path planning is the AB line which is generated by setting terminals of a path．However, in some specific cases, paths may be limited to curved and irregular shapes, hence AB line is no longer applicable．Through research, a lot of Chinese farmers prefer path planning similar to AB line when it comes to cases mentioned above．In order to meet needs presented by farmers, a solution for generating parameterized reaping paths wass proposed．Firstly, coordinates and attitudes of main antenna on a seeding vehicle were sampled and used for calculating coordinates of rear axis midpoint．Next, aggregated points and outlier points were eliminated and path nodes were picked which showed general shape of seeding trajectories．Finally, parameterized paths were generated using piece-wise interpolation based on cubic Bezier curves．LOVOL M1004 tractor was used as experiment platform and data was sampled in experimental station in Xiaowangzhuang, Changping District, Beijing City．Experiment results showed that maximum lateral errors between parameterized curves and raw trajectories were 0.52 and 0.40 m in two experimental groups under condition that average operation speed being 5 km/h, compression threshold for aggregated points being 1 cm, curvature threshold for outlier points being 1 m⁻¹ and compression threshold for path nodes being 30 cm．This solution proposed was confirmed to be effective in precisely restoring seeding trajectories restoration and generating reaping paths．

Soil with biochar（labeled as ABS）and soil without biochar（labeled as CS）were collected and near-infrared spectra were obtained, two kinds of soil nitrogen content prediction models were established through pretreatment algorithm and partial least squares regression（PLS）, results showed that prediction models of CS and ABS pretreated with Baseline and Smoothing were the best, R² was 0.913 and 0.753 respectively, RMSEP was 0.093 and 0.753 respectively, near infrared spectroscopy could be used to model and predict nitrogen content of two kinds of soil．Then, effects of biochar on soil spectra and modeling were studied, results showed that addition of biochar would change content of soil components, making near-infrared spectroscopy and modeling different from ordinary soil, and joint modeling could reduce impact of differences and achieve better prediction results, joint modeling results showed that prediction effect after smoothing pretreatment was the best, R² was 0.907, RMSEP was 0.086．

Focusing on supervision and service needs of Beijing's facility agriculture industry, Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies were applied to build Beijing's facility agriculture industry supervision and service system, city's facility agriculture data base was consolidated, the "one shed, one yard, one subject, one yard" dynamic management of 182000 facilities and 30000 facility operators were realized．A comprehensive data collection mode was built, by pooling city's facility agriculture data resources, and through comprehensive analysis and utilization of data, a map, data portrait, subsidy management, planting services and other precise and customized comprehensive information services for government decision-making, industry supervision and production entities were provided, resulting in a direct economic benefit of 549 million yuan, which has effectively solved problems of unclear facility base, unclear supervision, scattered data and poor services．It has improved supervision and service efficiency of facility agriculture industry, and promoted high-quality development of facility agriculture in Beijing City．

A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate influence of soluble nitrogen addition on N₂O emissions from three soils of different tea planting age: high age（more than 50 years）, middle age（20 to 25 years）and low age（less than 8 years）．Four treatments were designed as follows: control（CK）, low nitrogen（LN）, medium nitrogen（MN）, high nitrogen（HN）．Results showed that N₂O emissions from high age tea planting garden were higher than middle age and low age tea planting garden due to higher pH and organic C content．Compared with the control, single nitrogen addition enhanced N₂O emissions from both soils, and N₂O emissions from middle age planting garden and low age planting garden soil had significant positively correlation with N fertilizer rate, while the maximum N₂O emissions were observed from MN treatment in high age tea planting garden soil．Application of exogenous ammonium nitrogen promoted decrease of soil pH, change quantity of pH from high age and middle age tea planting garden solis were in the order HN>MN>LN>CK , while from low age planting garden soil was in the order MN>HN>LN>CK．Application of exogenous ammonium nitrogen had a significant effect on soil acidification of tea plantations．Exogenous ammonium nitrogen significantly reduced soil pH and increased soil N₂O emissions．

Effects of different photoperiod treatments on barley seedings growth were investigated by changing different photoperiods．Growth index and soluble protein content of barley seedlings were measured by using different photoperiods（8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 h/d）after soaking seeds and accelerating germination, and the best photoperiod was obtained．Results showed that photoperiod had a certain effect on growth of barley seedlings．Stem diameter, leaf area and dry weight of barley seedlings treated with 18 h/d light were the largest．Fresh weight and plant height of barley seedlings under 12 h/d light treatment were the highest, and soluble protein content of barley seedlings under 16 h/d light treatment was the highest．In general, 16 h/d light treatment was suitable for large-scale production of barley seedlings in plant factories．

Development of micro-hydropower in China was introduced from definition and system composition of micro-hydropower, and existing implementation scheme of micro-hydropower plants was clarified．Combined with distribution characteristics and development potential of Tibetan hydropower resources, necessity, feasibility and significance of developing micro-hydropower in southeast Tibet were clarified．Compared with traditional power plants, micro-hydropower can make reasonable use of abundant local micro-water resources, which has a positive effect on improving quality of life of local farmers and herdsmen, improving living environment and developing local economy．

Rice and wheat are main grain crops in Jiangsu Province．Losses caused by humid climate and lack of time to dry after harvest exceed relevant standards．Therefore, it is necessary to vigorously promote and support grain drying and storage industry．Advantages and problems of drying loss reduction technology in grain producing areas were analyzed．Green drying loss reduction technology system for grain producing areas was structured．Grain drying technology integration, drying equipment supporting mode and drying operation mode were explored．It provided drying production guidance for business entities．This system divided grain drying and storage process into four modules: pre-drying before drying, fast green drying at place of origin, low-consumption temporary storage and long-term low-loss storage．Different business entities could choose combination of different modules according to their own production conditions to meet differentiated needs of different planting scales and operation modes for grain drying and storage．

To realize varieties identification of pecan（Carya cathayensis Sarg．）, near infrared spectroscopy of 100 samples from four kinds of pecans, including Zhejiang Lin'an pecan, Anhui Ningguo pecan, American pecan and Sichuan pecan, were collected．To achieve visualization of spectral differences, principal component analysis（PCA）was carried out on experimental data．It was found that spectral principal component analysis after standard normal variate transformation（SNV）processing could basically identify four different kinds of pecans．To improve accuracy of the model, linear discriminant analysis after principal component analysis（PCA-LDA）was applied to near infrared spectroscopy．It was found that varieties identification accuracy of correction set and verification set reached 100%．Results showed that near infrared spectroscopy could effectively identify pecan varieties．

In order to achieve rapid non-destructive testing of winter melon seed varieties, spectral image information of winter melon seeds of three varieties of Guangdongheipi, Yilchuanling and Hanyufenpi was collected by hyperspectral imaging technology．Standard normalization（SNV）, multiple scattering correction（MSC）, median filtering（MF）and other methods were used for pretreatment．Feature wavelengths were extracted using successive projection algorithm（SPA）, regression coefficient（RC）, and competitive adaptive algorithm（CARS）．Particle swarm optimization BP neural network discriminant model was established, and coefficient of determination and root mean square error of prediction set were R²=0.930 and RMSEP=0.047, respectively, and accuracy rate was as high as 96.30%．Results showed that hyperspectral technology combined with particle swarm optimization BP neural network could achieve rapid and non-destructive identification of winter melon seed varieties．

It is of great significance to study change rule of bacterial colony content in dehydrated fresh noodles for prolonging shelf life of products and improving quality of pasta．Three groups of process parameters were selected, namely, temperature 70-90 °C, relative humidity 70%-90% and drying time 5-20 min, single factor test and orthogonal test were carried out on drying test bench to determine total number of bacterial colonies in noodle samples before and after sterilization according to national standards．Results showed that temperature, humidity and drying time were important parameters affecting bacterial colony content．When temperature was about 80 °C, effect of temperature on total number of colonies appeard a turning point．When temperature was between 70 °C and 80 °C, total number of colonies decreased sharply．When temperature was between 80 °C and 90 °C, total number of colonies changed slowly and total number of colonies remained at about 200 CFU/g．Total number of colonies decreased gradually with extension of relative humidity and drying time．The best technological parameters for physical sterilization of dehydrated fresh noodles were temperature 80 °C, humidity 85%, drying time 10 min, and total number of bacterial colonies of noodles prepared under this technological condition was maintained at 170 CFU/g．

Exploring variation laws and characteristics of soil water and heat helps to efficiently utilize water and heat resources in artificial grasslands．Based on mathematical statistics and multifractal theory, response and distribution characteristics of soil water and heat variations to rainfall were compared and analyzed in Wulan County, Qinghai Province．Results showed that influence of rainfall on soil moisture content had obvious delayed effect．Variation of soil moisture content was of moderate intensity with a "thin-tailed" distribution, and mainly caused by distribution of high values with a short-distance variation．Compared with pattern of mixed sowing oats and arrows, soil moisture content was higher and effect by rainfall was stronger in pattern of mixed sowing peas and quinoa．Effect of rainfall on soil temperature of deep depth had a certain delay．Soil temperature belonged to moderate intensity variation showing a "thick tail" distribution, among which soil temperature in 0～10 cm soil layer had the highest variation intensity．The deep soil temperature was mainly short-distance variation, and variation of soil temperature was mainly caused by high value distribution．Compared with pattern of mixed sowing oats and arrows, soil temperature was higher and effect by rainfall was less in pattern of mixed sowing peas and quinoa．In conclusion, there were differences in effects of mixed sowing patterns on soil water and heat．Pattern of mixed sowing peas and quinoa had more advantages in soil water and heat utilization than pattern of mixed sowing oats and arrows．The results could provide a theoretical basis for full utilization of soil water and heat resources in artificial grasslands in alpine desert regions．

Soil environment in which crops are grown is crucial for improving crop yield and quality．To understand progress of research on effects of crop water and nitrogen coupling on soil environment and to provide a theoretical basis for future in-depth research on sustainable development of soil productivity, results of effects of crop water and nitrogen coupling on soil environment, such as soil bulk, porosity, water content, temperature, nutrients, organic matter, enzyme activity, microorganisms and gas emissions, were summarised．The results also suggested future research directions for water-nitrogen coupling, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for efficient soil production and sustainable use．

Anji White Tea is one of important productions of specialty agriculture in Anji County of Zhejiang Province．Understanding spatiotemporal dynamic of these tea plantations will promote local tea industry and regional sustainable development．Based on relevant land use data of Anji County in 2012, 2016 and 2020, dynamic change process and differential characteristics of tea garden pattern in Anji County, Zhejiang Province from 2012 to 2020 were studied and analyzed by using methods of land use dynamic degree index, comprehensive index of land use expansion degree and land use transfer matrix．Results showed that there were obvious temporal and spatial differences in pattern of tea plantations from 2012 to 2020．From perspective of transfer quantity and spatial distribution, number of tea garden land transfer from 2012 to 2016 was very small, area of tea garden was basically stable, and spatial distribution was relatively scattered．Area of tea gardens increased significantly from 2016 to 2020, and distribution of new tea gardens was relatively concentrated．From perspective of transfer process, 2016−2020 was more intense than 2012−2016, with a significant increase in number of transfers．Transfer process led to a more concentrated spatial distribution of tea gardens．From perspective of transfer type, from 2012 to 2016, tea gardens were mainly converted into cultivated land, with almost no transfer, and transfer type was relatively single．From 2016 to 2020, tea garden would be mainly converted into forest land, garden land and construction land, mainly forest land, farmland and garden land, with various types of transfer．The above results clarified spatiotemporal dynamic change characteristics of tea garden pattern in Anji County, Zhejiang Province from 2012 to 2020, and provided data basis and scientific guidance for study of spatiotemporal dynamic change of regional tea garden and future sustainable development planning．

Comprehensive reform and transformation of territorial spatial planning system puts forward new requirements for planning work．Evaluation of territorial spatial development suitability has become an important basis for compilation of territorial spatial planning．In situation of rapid urbanization, demand for protection and optimization of agricultural space is even more urgent．Based on government data of Wugong County, Shaanxi Province, distribution of agricultural production suitability levels in the region were evaluated and analyzed, practical experience in evaluation process were summarized by systematically sorted out relevant theoretical bases and technical procedures, and provided practical support for ongoing territorial spatial planning in China．

In order to change existing seed metering technology of Cyperus esculentus, achieve precise seed metering, improve seed quality, seeding efficiency and comprehensive economic benefits of Cyperus esculentus, through physical measurement of three-axis size of Cyperus esculentus, seed metering disk was modified, test platform was designed and built．Single factor test and orthogonal test optimization verification showed that the best working parameters of seed metering disc were 6.5 mm diameter of air suction disc, 25 r/min of rotation speed, 6.5 kPa of negative pressure value, and 0.52% of missed seeding rate．The air-suction seed metering disc realized efficient and precise seed metering, and conformed to technical requirements of Cyperus esculentus seeding, providing a basis for selection of air-suction seed metering device of Cyperus esculentus seeder．

Water chestnut is still harvested by traditional methods because of growth environment, its disadvantages are high labor intensity and low efficiency．An integrated device was designed, which could excavate water chestnuts, separate fruit from soil and collect fruit．Key components were introduced such as excavating device, separating device, conveying device and power system．Based on water chestnut harvesting device, test prototype was made and experiments were carried out．Experimental results showed that this device could complete water chestnut harvest, and it has advantages of high recovery rate, low crushing rate and easy operation．It could provide a technical reference for large-scale planting and mechanized harvesting of water chestnut．

Facing requirements of professional degree postgraduates' practical ability and engineering accreditation, reform practice of China Agricultural University in cultivating application postgraduates by connecting closely with reality was introduced．Comprehensive practice platform of "Six Party integration" took professor workstation in Qixian County, Henan Province as the core, which included "workstation, enterprise, engineering technology research center, postgraduate off-campus joint training base, comprehensive test station for modern agricultural-industrial technology system, and moral education base"．Based on concept of "setting a goal, going through three stages of training, implementing secondary management, realizing three connections, and highlighting four characteristics", the "13234" model for training qualified higher personnel were explored and practiced, and training practice with strong innovation and practical ability for compound qualified personnel with high level were carried out．These all promoted scientific research innovation of agriculture-related fields and transformation and upgrading of its industries and effectively formed a stable long-term output mechanism for talent training．

"Bionic Technology of Agricultural Machinery" course integrates important theories and core viewpoints of agricultural mechanics and bionics, and discusses how to solve core problems of poor performance, high energy consumption and serious wear of key components of agricultural machinery based on bionics methods．It is an interdisciplinary subject and a typical representative of integration．It is also an important course for cultivating students' innovative thinking ability．In process of knowledge imparting and ability training, this course attaches great importance to control of each link, adopts method of inspiring innovative consciousness, strengthening innovative thinking and practical training of innovative ability of students, gradually cultivates thinking ability, taps inner potential of students, to help solve bottlenecks and difficulties faced by agricultural machinery and equipment at present in my country, promote transformation and upgrading of agricultural equipment, improve level of agricultural modernization, and encourage students to become high-quality and innovative agricultural machinery talents in new era．

In view of problems existing in current college students' innovation and entrepreneurship training program, such as students' dim goals, teachers' insufficient guidance, and schools' inadequate publicity, some countermeasures, such as industry-university-research integration, project-based teaching, and sound management system were put forward．Results aim to improve students' innovation consciousness, entrepreneurship, innovation quality and practical skills, and provide a basic guarantee for national high-level personnel training．

Taking "Agricultural Mechanization Production" course as an example, by establishing course education goal, revising teaching syllabus and teaching plans, ideological and political elements of curriculum were fully excavated , a entry point of course was found, curriculum education and professional knowledge were organically combined , students could improve their professional knowledge, at the same time, it could improve students' professional quality, overall situation consciousness and patriotism, improve their awareness of environmental protection and turning waste into treasure．

From perspective of TRIZ innovation theory, current situation of industry-education integrated collaborative talent cultivation in agricultural mechanization was analyzed．Aiming at problem of students' weak innovative thinking and innovation ability, students were encouraged to break inertia of thinking and dare to ask questions．Key methods and specific processes of TRIZ innovation theory were used to guide and inspire students to analyze problems encountered in agricultural machinery practice and propose preliminary feasible solutions to stimulate students' motivation and innovation, to enhance effect of industry-education integrated collaborative talent cultivation．

Combining existing practical experience of five national rural industrial integration demonstration parks in Shaanxi Province, three types of rural industrial integration development models were summarized．Based on status quo of Shaanxi Province rural industrial integration demonstration parks, follow-up development countermeasures and suggestions were put forward, that was, clarify development direction of demonstration park, constantly strengthen government's guidance, improve financial support policy, expand source of funds for demonstration park, upgrade talent and public service system, and attract people to participate in park construction．

Taking fresh or dry fruits and nuts involved in the HS code, from 0801 to 0814, as research objects, trade gravity model was used to analyze influencing factors of fruit export of Shandong Province to 26 countries from 2011 to 2020． Results showed that economic development level of Shandong Province, economic development level and population number of export destination, geographical distance, Shandong fruit output and free trade agreement（FTA）signing with China had a significant impact on Shandong fruit export． In view of problems existing in Shandong fruit export, some countermeasures were put forward, such as accelerating construction of free trade zone, adjusting export structure, developing export market, building famous brand fruit products, and improving fruit quality to promote Shandong fruit export．

Based on current situation of Hovenia dulcis Thunb industry in Ankang City, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats faced by development of Hovenia dulcis Thunb characteristic industry in Ankang City were objectively summarized and analyzed by employing SWOT analysis method．Corresponding strategies were put forward to promote development of Hovenia dulcis Thunb characteristic industry in Ankang City．

Building apple industry brand marketing system has an important role in improving industrialization level of Yongshou Apple and cultivating brand agriculture in Yongshou County．With increasingly fierce competition in apple market, Yongshou Apple needs to have a broader market space for high-quality development, ensure sales price of Yongshou Apple．It should build a brand marketing system, taking brand construction as concept, establish an apple quality and safety system, continue to innovate in brand publicity and operation, create a new apple brand promotion and marketing system．It also should build a Yongshou Apple industrial cultural brand, enhance influence of Yongshou Apple in the province and the country, and enhance competitiveness of Yongshou Apple industry．