Abstract: Straw harvesting and baling equipment play an important role in collection and comprehensive utilization of straw.Some domestic crop straw harvesting and baling typical equipment in terms of classification，market share，and user reputation were introduced.Existing problems and development trend of baler were summarized.
Abstract: Through investigation of existing vegetable facilities and vegetable fields in core production base of green leafy vegetables and demonstration base of“machine replacement”of vegetable production in Shanghai，relevant conditions and data of facility greenhouses were obtained.Performance and adaptability of existing facility greenhouse were analyzed.Based on problems of vegetable production mechanization，focus on transformation of greenhouse and mechanization of newly-built facility greenhouses，feasible suggestions for mechanization transformation and construction of facility vegetable greenhouses in Shanghai were proposed to provide assistance for promotion of vegetable production mechanization.
Abstract: At present，there are few researches on integrated prevention and control technology of pests and birds in apple orchards.Traditional single control measures have inevitable disadvantages.According to idea of green and efficient，a set of apple orchard insect killing and bird driving device based on ultrasonic，black light and bird driving medicament was designed.The device integrated use of three technologies and single-chip microcomputer control system，achieving all-day and green working effect of insect killing and bird driving.Results of single module experiment and comprehensive experiment showed that the device had a certain effect on insect killing and bird driving，and had a certain effect on reducing loss of insect and bird damage in apple orchard production.
Abstract: General layout of self-propelled forage harvester was analyzed.The representative host technology and technical status of three kinds of non branch headers were introduced.Development direction of mechanical components such as feeding technology，chopping technology，grain crushing technology and throwing technology were analyzed.
Abstract: A sunflower threshing and screening machine was designed，which has simple structure，convenient operation and maintenance，and could carry out threshing，screening，impurity removal and complete threshing，good screening purity，high threshing efficiency，low threshing cost and wide application range.After preliminary design and optimization，improved sunflower threshing and screening machine has high overall performance and good social and economic benefits.
Abstract: In order to solve problems of slow filling speed and poor filling effect in filling process of air blowing seed metering device，whith was core component of planter，and improve filling efficiency，air assisted seed filling device of air blowing seed metering device was designed.Through comparison between mastered data and physical prototype，qualitative working process principle was analyzed，and structure was optimized on this basis.Test analysis results showed that，seed metering effect of air blowing seed metering device with air assisted seed filling device was better than that of general air blowing seed metering device，intermittent air flow was helpful to improve filling qualified rate，filling performance and filling efficiency.
Abstract: Intelligent terminal plays an indispensable role in agricultural machinery and management system of agricultural machinery，which can collect and perceive machine and environment information，locate machine position，process and transmit information and instructions，interact with a human.Intelligent terminal is of great significance to realize cross regional agricultural machinery scheduling and supervision，agricultural machinery operation subsidy declaration and distribution.From the function，type，and hardware structure of intelligent terminal，overall situation of intelligent agricultural machinery and intelligent terminal were analyzed，study and application status of intelligent terminal were expounded，and development suggestions were given.
Abstract: Potato genetic resources sharing platform was designed.Through standardized description and information management of potato genetic resources，multi combination and cross trait integrated query service，data analysis service，tracking service and cooperative innovation service mode，sharing of domestic potato germplasm resources was realized and utilization rate and benefit of genetic resources were improved.Platform system layout and interfacial design were unique and creative.All the forms were very concise，visible and easy to operate.
Abstract: Affected by irregular plot，operation tracks of agricultural machinery are diverse，and difficulty of calculating operation area also increases.Effective and accurate calculation of agricultural machinery operation area is main basis for agricultural machinery operation supervision and efficiency evaluation.Through analysis of plots and trajectories，cubic spline interpolation algorithm was used to generate agricultural machinery operation trajectories，which could ensure smoothness of trajectories while passing through all trajectory points.The operation area could be calculated by accumulating all operation track lines and combining operation width.This method not only reduced error caused by unreasonable calculation of broken line method at corner，but also solved problem that small radian steering track line of other methods was not smooth in process of driving on arc plot.The accuracy of this method was higher than that of traditional broken line method.
Abstract: With rapid development of China′s economy，QR code as a new technology has been well developed，at the same time，many businessmen began to use QR code technology to sell fake agricultural products，adulteration，fraud.Therefore，it is necessary to design a safe and convenient QR code to ensure quality and safety of agricultural products.The application of SHA-1 encryption technology and Reed-Solomon error correction technology in traceability QR code can effectively improve security of traceability process of agricultural products，reduce probability of key information being stolen and tampered，improve consumers′ confidence in agricultural products，and provide certain help for rapid traceability of agricultural products.
Abstract: According to requirements of construction of meteorological information standard system，the FTP transmission mode of new long Z files of agricultural meteorological manual observation data for a long time is banned and message transmission is used instead.Development and application of Java message service transmission technology in AgMODOS was developed by using C/S architecture technology，object-oriented thinking and modular technology，and two-tier architecture design.It included RabbitMQ message middleware technology based on AMQP protocol，which realized transmission of agrometeorological observation Standard Data XML file through message filtering and encapsulation，data caching and data supplementary transmission. The system has been put into trial operation in National Agricultural Meteorological Observation Station in September 2020，and switched to manual agricultural meteorological observation data transmission service on December 1，2020. Results of operation showed that message transmission was stable without loss，99% of the data was transmitted within 1s from the station to national bureau，which greatly improved transmission timeliness and service capacity of agricultural meteorological observation data.
Abstract: A water and fertilizer regulation system based on STM32 microcontroller was designed.The system realized regulation of water and fertilizer ratio of different elements by controlling opening of different solenoid valves.Taking lettuce as an example，relationship between different potassium fertilizer concentration and leaf area and plant height of lettuce was studied by adjusting solenoid valve opening of potassium fertilizer concentration under condition that ratio of water and fertilizer of other elements was normal concentration，in order to get solenoid valve opening adjustment strategy，and achieve accurate regulation of water and fertilizer ratio.
Abstract: China has actively advocated production and consumption of clean and sustainable energy such as biomass on the fast track to achieve goal of carbon peak and carbon neutralization.Optimization of integrated energy system configuration including biomass has gradually become a research hotspot.Research on biomass electric heating and gas fertilizer multi-energy flow integrated energy system was carried out.Firstly，static model of key equipment in the system was established.Secondly，Monte Carlo sampling method was used to describe uncertainty factors such as user load and energy price.On this basis，aiming at maximizing annual profit，an integrated energy system configuration planning model under uncertainty was established and solved by artificial bee colony optimization algorithm.Finally，influence of uncertainty factors on configuration optimization of integrated energy system was studied.Results showed that operation parameters of equipment in energy system were changed after two-stage stochastic programming model was used to deal with uncertain factors in integrated energy system.Compared with determined conditions，flexibility of the system was improved by sacrificing certain economy.
Abstract: In order to solve technical problem that effect of source-separated urine compost was not good，a method of harmless treatment and producing liquid fertilizer of urine was proposed.The aerobic compost equipment was designed，and a production of prototype was accomplished.The parts of ozone sterilization system and compost system were introduced in detail.The urine compost experiment was carried out.Results showed that through ozone harmless treatment and urine compost by microorganisms，recovery of nutrient elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus was realized to produce liquid fertilizer.
Abstract: As the fourth largest staple food crop in China，potato has important strategic significance to ensure national food security.China is a big potato planting country，but not a strong potato industry country.Compared with developed countries in the world，there are still gaps and deficiencies in varieties，processing，products and equipment.The overall situation，existing problems and shortcomings of China′s potato processing industry were introduced，and specific suggestions were put forward from aspects of scientific and technological innovation and industrial development.
Abstract: According to needs of large-scale strawberry planting in facility park for improvement of water and fertilizer management model and level，based on construction of intelligent water and fertilizer integration system，planting experiment was carried out in strawberry irrigation and fertilization link of 23 solar greenhouses in the park.Compared with traditional venturi fertilizer absorber technology，result showed that intelligent water and fertilizer integration system in facility park had definite advantages.It improved labor productivity by 12 times and significantly reduced labor intensity.It realized precise regulation of irrigation and fertilization，reduced fertilizer dumping and waste，and had certain ecological benefits.It guaranteed stability of strawberry yield and quality，and strawberry yield increased by 1.7% in this experiment.Economic benefits of pilot park increased by 26 037 yuan/hm2.The result of this experiment provided a reference for construction of intelligent water and fertilizer integration systems and economic benefit calculation in majority of facility parks.
Abstract: At present，technology of building information modeling（BIM）has developed rapidly.In view of problems of complex design content and low construction efficiency of farmland and water conservancy projects，using BIM technology for three-dimensional modeling can realize visualization and co-assimilation of design.BIM software is used to quickly realize visualization of single project.The intuitive and three-dimensional design model not only enhances participants′ understanding of the project，but also greatly improves design and construction quality and speed，and improves overall project construction quality.Focusing on design of farmland water conservancy projects in construction of high-standard farmland，based on analysis of characteristics of farmland water conservancy projects，use of BIM technology was further studied to realize visualization and integration of high-standard farmland projects.
Abstract: In order to solve problems of poor fluidity and difficulty of mechanical distribution of organic fertilizer， movement model of organic fertilizer in process of distribution was established based on horizontal distribution machine of organic fertilizer made by ourselves，and main factors affecting distribution uniformity were analyzed.SolidWorks software was used to establish three-dimensional models of organic fertilizer and horizontal organic fertilizer spreading machine.EDEM software was used to carry out response surface design experiments with fertilizer feeding speed ratio （operation speed and scraper speed ratio），scattering roller speed and spiral blade pitch as test factors.Design-Expert 8.0.5 software was used to optimize operation parameters，and simulation test and field test were carried out to verify operation parameters.Simulation results showed that the primary and secondary order of affecting lateral variation coefficient of scattering uniformity was as follows: pitch of spiral blade，rotation speed of scattering roller and speed ratio of fertilizer delivery.When fertilizer rate was-16.42，rotation speed of spreading roller was 557.90 r/min，and pitch of spiral blade was 365.40 mm，lateral variation coefficient of spreading uniformity was 14%，and error between verified value and predicted value was less than 5%，indicating that response surface model was reasonable.Field experiment showed that when fertilizer speed ratio was -16.6 rotation speed of spout roller was 560 r/min，and pitch of spiral blade was 360 mm，lateral variation coefficient of spout uniformity was 14.5%，and error was less than 5% with simulation value of EDEM，which met field operation standard of organic fertilizer spout machine，and simulation model and optimization parameters were reasonable.This study could provide a reference for optimization design and performance improvement of organic fertilizer spreader.
Abstract: Overall scheme design of potato planter was introduced.Design of key components，such as fertilization opener，fertilization device，seeding opener，seeding device，disc cultivator and rower，were analyzed.It could provide reference for enterprises and units engaged in the R & D and production of potato planter.
Abstract: In harvesting process of leafy vegetables，it is difficult to achieve mechanical screening because that the leaves are relatively fragile.The traditional production method is to remove waste leaves，shake off roots，soil impurities，comb and stamp by a large number of workers at the same time，so as to carry out subsequent packing or bundling.This kind of harvesting method is time-consuming and laborious，and it is difficult to guarantee same finishing quality after harvesting.Based on this，in the design process of leafy vegetables intelligent harvester，undulating vibration carding mechanism was specially designed.After harvesting，vegetables were transported to sieve plate of vibration carding mechanism through transmission device，and movement of vibration motor was used to shake off waste leaves and soil at root of vegetables.Through carding mechanism driven by reduction motor，carding of vegetables and orderly stamping of roots were completed.
Abstract: In view of low efficiency of artificial excavation，high production cost and problem of garlic injury caused by uneven excavation depth of traditional excavation tools in process of garlic flat cultivation and harvesting in China，an innovative design was designed for garlic harvester deep-limiting excavation device suitable for garlic cultivation.Overall structure and working principle of garlic harvester deep-limiting excavation device was introduced.A mathematical model of excavation of deep-limiting of imitation terrain was established，and conditions of deep-limiting of imitation terrain were expounded.Through field test and data collection of the device，operating parameters of garlic harvester deep-limiting excavation device were obtained.Results showed that when excavation depth was 11.99 cm and input inclination was 24.5 degrees，excavation resistance of test index could be minimal，and minimum value was 3 163.9 N，which met requirements of garlic excavation harvest.
Abstract: To understand taro cutting and compression mechanical properties of test samples for Shandong eddoes，using TMS-PRO food property analyzer for taro compression test samples，parameters such as taro failure strain and modulus of elasticity were calculated.Using customized tools，cutting experiments of taro were carried out under conditions of different cutting thickness，different cutting edge angle and different sliding cutting angle.The maximum cutting force in cutting process was measured，and change law was analyzed by SPSS software.The failure strain，compressive strength and elastic modulus of taro samples were 0.314，1.490 MPa and 4.751MPa respectively.The maximum cutting force increased with increase of cutting thickness，and increased slowly when cutting thickness was greater than 3 mm.The maximum cutting force increased with increase of tool edge angle.The maximum cutting force decreased significantly with increase of tool slip angle.Through variance analysis of interaction test results，it was concluded that cutting thickness，cutting edge angle and sliding cutting angle all had significant effects on maximum cutting force of taro，and interaction between cutting thickness and tool edge angle and interaction between cutting thickness and tool sliding cutting angle also had significant effects.Experimental results could provide theoretical basis for design and manufacture of taro harvesting and processing machinery.
Abstract: Based on development of animal welfare and actual production needs，design concept and specific considerations of pig house pens in actual work were explained.Practice of optimized structure design of farrowing pen was introduced，and it was explained that necessity of animal welfare should be considered in application process of pig farm pens.Feasibility of animal welfare should be realized through adopting new material and new design.
Abstract: Experiments play an important role in the teaching of“Fundamentals of Thermal Engineering”course.Mostly focusing on demonstration or verification of a single principle or phenomenon，traditional experiments resulted in undesirable teaching achievement.To change this status quo and improve comprehensiveness，vividness and innovation of experimental teaching，exploration and practice of transforming research achievements into experimental teaching was carried out.Combining the developed thermal insulation performance test platform for greenhouse covering materials and related industry standards with the teaching of“Fundamentals of Thermal Engineering”course，a comprehensive teaching experiment was hierarchically designed into four phases of pre-experiment preparation，parameter setting，platform operation and thinking of typical problems.Meanwhile，the heat transfer characteristics of greenhouse covering materials such as heat insulating covering were tested，achieving to make abstract concept pictorial，concrete theoretical knowledge，and go deep beneath surface of the problem.It promoted students′ understanding and mastery of teaching contents such as heat transfer process，heat transfer coefficient，thermal resistance，and influencing factors of heat transfer，and promoted integration of experimental teaching，theoretical learning and production practices.Research promoted teaching，which provided a new approach to strengthen cultivation of students′ innovative ability.
Abstract: Multidimensional teaching model based on“rain classroom”was designed to break barriers of traditional offline teaching and online teaching，integrate teaching resources online and offline，and ensure quality of agricultural engineering undergraduate teaching.Model excavated learning situation data in whole teaching cycle and paid attention to feedback information of teaching activity.This teaching model could accurately connect internal deep learning behaviour，learning habits and learning mentality of college students in new era，change traditional classroom teaching process，and realize transformation from teachers“teaching”to students“learning”，which would effectively improve students′ learning interest and effectively improve quality of education and teaching.Meanwhile，design and application of teaching model would help to train teachers′ teaching ability，polish teaching skills，and improve teachers′ ability to adapt to Internet plus background of undergraduate education and teaching，to achieve goal of common development and joint development of teachers and students.Teaching activities of 9 courses in 2 semesters showed that multidimensional teaching model based on“rain classroom”had a good effect on teaching，and model was given a wide welcome by teachers and students，which was of high application and promotion value.
Abstract: “Elementary Circuit Analysis”is a professional basic course for electronic information engineering，communication engineering and other majors in colleges and universities.The course needs a close combination of theory and practice，and plays a connecting role in professional curriculum system.Due to strong theoretical nature and abstract and boring content of the course，students are faced with problems of poor learning interest and poor learning effect in teaching process.Combined with the mature internet technology，teaching mode based on flipped classroom was constructed，teaching system of the course was improved，and teaching quality were improved.
Abstract: Using tomato ‘Xinhong 49’ seeds as experimental materials，effects of different concentration gradients of exogenous methyl jasmonate（MeJA）and brassinolide（BR）on germination of tomato seeds were studied.Results showed that:compared with control group，5×10-5 μmol/L MeJA treatment had the best effect on seed germination，and 5×10-6 μmol/L MeJA promoted root growth，but inhibited growth of buds；under the BR treatment of 1×10-5 μmol/L，germination rate of seeds was the highest，and this concentration significantly promoted growth of roots and buds；in hormone mixed treatment，concentration of MeJA 5×10-4 μmol/L and BR 1×10-5 μmol/L treatment had the most obvious effect on seed germination，and 5×10-4 μmol/L MeJA and 1×10-5 μmol/L BR could promote growth of roots and buds.Research showed that single hormone treatment has better effect on seed germination，root growth and bud growth than dual hormone treatment.Therefore，MeJA and BR at appropriate concentrations could promote tomato seed germination.
Abstract: The basis of agriculture-related information services in suburbs of Beijing was comprehensively understood in investigation，needs of service objects were found out，according to suggestions on function setting of village service stations and standard of“site，equipment，network，personnel，web pages and sustainable development”proposed by information entry project of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.The investigation would be helpful to solve problem of“last kilometer”of information services，improve rural basic public welfare service system，to lay foundation for promoting healthy development of agricultural informatization.
Abstract: Rural vitalization is essential path to western rural economic development.The county leisure agriculture is of great significance to western development in the new era and increase of farmers′ income in the West.Interpreting concept and characteristics of leisure agriculture，combined with actual investigation of development of leisure agriculture in Lantian county，Shaanxi province，countermeasures to keep healthy development of leisure agriculture in Lantian county were put forward according to local conditions.
Abstract: In recent years，Yangling Vocational and Technical College has continuously promoted development of edible fungi and Chinese bee breeding industry in village G of Shaanxi Province by improving top-level design of industrial poverty alleviation，giving full play to intellectual advantages of colleges and universities，building an industrial complex and using advantages of volume to carry out consumption poverty alleviation through technical training，industrial co construction and consumption poverty alleviation.It played a positive role in cultivating endogenous driving force of rural development，planting rural talents，and revitalizing human resources.Therefore，a set of experience and enlightenment with certain reference significance have been formed.Firstly，industrial poverty alleviation in colleges and universities must be carried out synchronously by coordinating forces of science and technology，talents and funds，so as to build a recyclable industrial chain in poor villages，consolidate their industrial foundation and help them upgrade their industries.Secondly，pay attention to constantly changing people′s ideas，improving people′s technical skills，and improving their“hematopoietic”function of self-development in process of rural revitalization.
Abstract: The CCR model was used to evaluate agricultural input-output efficiency of Shangluo from 2015 to 2019.Results showed that although agriculture input-output efficiency of Shangluo was high on the whole，there was still a certain degree of input redundancy and output deficiency in individual years.To promote agricultural development of Shangluo，rural education needs more investment，and new farmers should be cultivated；infrastructure construction should be accelerated and agricultural modernization should be promoted；agriculture-related funds should be coordinated and integrated，efficiency of fund use should be improved；rural land circulation should be promoted and economies of scale should be formed.
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