Whole industrial chain of Cyperus esculentus involves sowing, plant protection, harvesting and post production processing, and its industrial mechanization is an important content of development of Cyperus esculentus industry．Current situation of whole industrial chain equipment of Cyperus esculentus and research status of production machinery based on harvest equipment were introduced．Development ideas, implementation ways and technical routes of equipment system construction of whole industrial chain of Cyperus esculentus were pointed out, so as to promote rapid and healthy development of Cyperus esculentus industry．

American ginseng is one of important Chinese medicinal materials in China．At present, its production mechanization technology is relatively backward, which is mainly manifested in low production efficiency, poor operation quality, insufficient integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, and intelligence level needs to be improved．Planting pattern and agronomy of American ginseng were introduced．Relevant equipment and current situation of mechanization were introduced aiming at three links of land arrangement, sowing and harvesting in production process of American ginseng．Research focus and development trend were put forward．American ginseng production machinery should be developed independently in China, and at the same time, basic performance research should be strengthened to improve reliability, reduce losses and improve production efficiency．

Smart agriculture is inevitable trend of modern agricultural development．Intelligent agricultural machinery is an important support for smart agriculture．Applying modern information technology to improve intelligent level of agricultural machinery and equipment is an important means to improve quality and efficiency of agricultural development．At present, there is a lack of talents in grass-roots agricultural mechanization technology promotion system in Tianjin City, standardization of agricultural machinery operation is low, and a perfect intelligent mechanization technology mode and machine configuration scheme have not been formed, which seriously restricts popularization and application of intelligent mechanization technology．By analyzing development status and existing problems of intelligent mechanization technology in Tianjin City, measures to vigorously promote this technology were put forward, which could play an important role in improving agricultural production environment, reducing farmers' labor intensity, reducing human costs, reducing agricultural production costs, and improving agricultural production efficiency．

Mechanization is an important symbol of promoting agricultural productivity．Dynamic changes of agricultural mechanization in Shanxi Province was analyzed and main factors restricting its balanced development were excavated．It is of great significance to accurately formulate development strategy of agricultural mechanization in Shanxi Province．Based on comparative analysis of development trend of agricultural mechanization level in Shanxi Province from 2004 to 2019, according to characteristics and current situation of agricultural mechanization development in Shanxi Province, two principal components affecting agricultural mechanization level in Shanxi Province were extracted by using principal component analysis method, and a multivariate linear regression model was established．Results showed that, in addition to negative correlation between number of agricultural machinery households at the end of the year and number of rural agricultural machinery employees, electromechanical irrigation area, machine seeding area, per capita agricultural production value, mechanical plant protection area, machine harvesting area, machine farming area, number of large and medium-sized tractors, per capita disposable income of rural residents, and number of water-saving irrigation machinery were all positively correlated with level of agricultural mechanization, it has a significant role in promoting development of agricultural mechanization in Shanxi Province．Therefore, to improve total power of agricultural machinery, promote use of large and medium-sized agricultural machinery and rational matching of agricultural machinery, and at the same time ensure substantial increase of agricultural production value and per capita disposable income of rural residents are important measures to improve level of agricultural mechanization in Shanxi Province．

Based on operation principle of track translation fruit and vegetable picking robot, operation quality test method of flexible fruit and vegetable picking robot was established．Determination methods of picking efficiency, fruit picking size range, maximum grasping output force, grasping success rate and fruit damage rate were determined．According to this method, FHR-2 type flexible fruit and vegetable harvesting robot was used to harvest large fruit tomatoes in greenhouse．Results showed that picking efficiency was 8 per minute, fruit picking size ranged from 30 to 92 mm, maximum gripping output force was 22.5 N, gripping success rate was 72.9%, and fruit damage rate was 0, which could meet picking requirements of large fruit tomatoes．This test method could be used to test working quality of tomato picking robot．Parameters of robot's image recognition system needed to be further optimized to improve working quality．

Advantages and disadvantages of traditional determination method for mixing uniformity of fully mixed ration preparation machine were analyzed．Combined with requirements of ruminant feeding science on fully mixed diet, method of measuring mixing uniformity by using grading screen was proposed．Under the same conditions, two methods were used to test mixing uniformity of three grades of fully mixed ration preparation machine, such as good, average and poor. Results showed that mixing uniformity of the second and third layers of screening method could better represent operational performance and quality of fully mixed ration preparation machine．This method strengthened rationality of mixing uniformity data of fully mixed ration preparation machine, helped production enterprises and users to distinguish operation quality of fully mixed ration preparation machine, and provided reference for product upgrading and user purchase．

Aiming at complex and impractical problem of feed formula software for oil chicken breeding, an intelligent feed formula system based on an optimization algorithm was designed to meet feed and nutrition management standard and has function of feed formula proportion optimization．Operating software was in JAVA, and the built-in optimization algorithm was in Python．The system had raw material management function, nutrition management function and historical feed formula management function．A modified simplex method was used to solve problem of feed preparation proportion．Intelligent formula system of oil chicken feed run stably and could meet need of users．Average time required for proportion optimization of modified simplex method was 0.031 s, and accuracy was 100%．Average time required for genetic algorithm to calculate proportion optimization 2 000 times was 3.020 s, and accuracy was 0%．The system successfully realized requirements related to feeding formula in process of oil chicken breeding, verified effectiveness of optimization method of oil chicken feed ratio, and improved formula calculation efficiency．The system was easy to operate and convenient for small and medium-sized farms, could integrate advanced breeding technology into grass-roots farmers and promote healthy and sustainable development of whole oil chicken industry．

As the most important starting point for improving efficiency of agricultural industry and rural revitalization, construction of facility vegetable industry cluster in Beijing has achieved good results through comprehensive application of new generation information technologies such as Internet, cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things and blockchain．Through construction of each sub module, specific examples of agricultural production enabled by advanced science and technology was introduced in detail．

Under new agricultural production mode, picking robot has become an important part of intelligent agricultural equipment．In unstructured environment, visual servo control has become key technology of picking robot to obtain advantages of large amount of information and strong robustness． Combining research progress and principles of three classical visual servo control methods, advantages, disadvantages and research focus of various control methods were compared and summarized, solutions to some key problems were analyzed, visual servo control technology with strong adaptability to picking robot was put forward, and development trend of the technology was prospected．

As two main factors affecting growth of crops, water and fertilizer management will directly affect yield and quality of crops．In view of extensive management mode, low degree of automation and serious waste of water and fertilizer in agricultural water and fertilizer management in China, with aid of wireless communication technology, automatic control technology and sensor technology and other modern technology, a set of intelligent irrigation control system has been developed, which integrated field information collection, remote automatic control, equipment operation status monitoring and irrigation process regulation, etc．It could effectively improve utilization rate of water and fertilizer and automation and refinement level of field management．At the same time, it could also accurately measure water consumption in system and irrigation areas, provide data support for calculation of irrigation water price and comprehensive reform of agricultural water price, meet development demand of modern agriculture．

Harmless treatment and resource utilization of crop straw and livestock manure is crucial to improving living environment in rural areas, and biogas project is an important way to realize resource utilization of crop straw and livestock and poultry manure．At the same time, as a clean and green biomass energy source, biogas could alleviate shortage of fossil energy in China．The large-scale biogas project of Lanke Mountain Agricultural Planting Professional Cooperative was research object．Through literature review and field research, development status and shortcomings of Lanke Mountain straw biogas project were systematically studied from aspects of scale of biogas project, source of raw material, type and quantity of raw material, equipment, biogas production, biogas fertilizer production and driving related industries．Based on this, common problems existing in biogas engineering at present were further clarified, mainly including unstable biogas production, little economic benefit relying on biogas, lack of complete industrial chain and innovative operation and management mode．In view of above common problems, segmented biogas project operation mode was innovatively put forward．Front-end company was responsible for production and operation management of biogas engineering related products, and back-end company was responsible for sales of biogas engineering related products．The purpose was to provide a theoretical basis for healthy and sustainable development of biogas industry and decision-making of relevant departments．

Aiming at problems of poor raw material adaptability, high moisture content in the syngas and poor equipment sealing of the current biomass pyrolysis equipment, combined with the latest developments in biomass pyrolysis, carbonization technology and characteristics of agricultural waste raw materials, a craft of two-way separation of water and gas system based on continuous pyrolysis was proposed, a two-way separation of water and gas pilot equipment based on continuous pyrolysis was developed, and design of feeding device, pyrolysis reactor and biochar cooling outlet device was focused on．After running test, the system was proved to be stable．Using corn stalks as raw materials, processing capacity was 27.6 kg/h, biochar yield was 32.2%, pyrolysis gas yield was 0.41 m³/kg, pyrolysis gas calorific value was 15.3 MJ/m³, and moisture content of syngas was 6.82%．All technical indicators reached system design goals and requirements．Development of pilot system has laid an important foundation for equipment demonstration applications．

Production of herbage is limited by natural conditions．In the northern winter, livestock can only feed on green dry feed, whose nutritional composition can not fully meet growth needs of livestock．In view of above situation, herbage container plant factory was designed and developed by Beijing Agricultural Machinery Institute Co., Ltd.．Through intelligent control system, accurate control of temperature, light, humidity, gas, water and fertilizer was achieved, which got rid of dependence of herbage cultivation on natural conditions and realized annual efficient production of herbage．

Greenhouse is a building that takes lighting covering material as whole or part of enclosure structure material and can be used for planting plants in winter or other seasons that are not suitable for growth of open plants．And it is main carrier and form of facility agriculture production．Characteristics and research status of greenhouse materials such as covering materials, thermal insulation quilt materials and wall materials were analyzed．Construction mode of greenhouse was introduced．It provided reference for users engaged in greenhouse agriculture．

Pancake is a traditional Chinese food．It is processed in a unique way．It has a thin and tough shape, a chewy texture and a unique flavor．Research status of existing pancake processing technology were expounded, including comparing processing and quality differences of different pancake types, analyzing important role of fermentation technology in pancake processing, and listing common indicators for pancake quality evaluation, discussing quality changes of pancakes during preservation．Prospect of pancake processing technology development was put forward．It could provide reference for comprehensive utilization of cereal industry and film food processing in China．

Stinky mandarin fish was mixed fermented by Rhizopus chinense 12 and Bacillus sp．DU-106．Effects of salt dosage, Rhizopus inoculation amount, addition amount of lactic acid bacteria and fermentation time on sensory score of stinky mandarin fish were investigated．Based on single factor experiment, response surface optimization was carried out．Optimal processing conditions were as follows: 1.4% of salt, 0.5% of auxiliary seasoning, 2% of Rhizopus inoculation, 1.4% of lactic acid bacteria powder and fermented at 15 ℃ for 8 days．Under these conditions, sensory score of stinky mandarin fish got to 9.4, which belonged to good level．Compared to naturally fermented fish with pungent stink, an acid feel in flavor and taste were both increased from inoculated fermented fish．Inoculated fermentation was more conducive to formation of garlic petal meat．Moreover, it smelt intense, soft and layering．Rhizopus chinense 12 and Bacillus sp．DU-106 could be applied to fermentation of stinky mandarin fish.

Water resources are foundation and important guarantee for development of a region, evaluation and analysis of regional water resources is of great significance for formulation of a reasonable water resources strategy．Water footprint theory was introduced and structural analysis, spatial and temporal change analysis and comprehensive impact factor analysis and evaluation of agricultural water footprint of Jingtai County were carried out．Analysis of structural changes of water footprint showed that, total agricultural water footprint of Jingtai County as a whole showed a growing trend from 2010 to 2019, among which water footprint of cash crops was the highest, water footprint of livestock products was the second highest, and water footprint of food crops was the lowest．From 2010 to 2019, water footprint of food crops increased by 102%, water footprint of livestock products increased by 38%, and water footprint of cash crops increased by 22%．Analysis results of spatial change of agricultural water footprint showed that, between 2010 and 2019, agricultural water footprint of Jingtai County showed a shift from east to west, and center of gravity of agricultural water consumption shifted from east to west．Growth type of agricultural water footprint of each township was mainly in the western region of Jingtai County, decline type was in the central and eastern region, fluctuating type was in the northeast region．Principal component influence factor analysis results showed that, the first principal component influence contribution rate was as high as 64.997%, while the second and third principal components were 11.333% and 10.504% respectively．It showed that agricultural water footprint of Jingtai County was mainly influenced by the first principal component factors, with economic factors and agricultural production factors having the greatest influence on agricultural water footprint of Jingtai County, which were main influencing factors; followed by the second and third principal component influencing factors, which were climatic factors and demographic factors respectively, with relatively low influence．There is more room for improvement in the use of agricultural water resources in Jingtai County．Starting from structure and influencing factors of agricultural water footprint, specific influencing factors were analyzed to adjust agricultural structure and promote sustainable use of regional agricultural water resources.

An automatic tool sharpening device of silage harvester was designed, which was mainly composed of main frame, tool sharpening, tool sharpening driving device, protective cover and disassembly device．At the same time, on this foundation, a curved cutlass was designed, which was more conducive to grinding work of grinding mechanism, and improve feed cutting efficiency．This device further enhanced core competitiveness of domestic silage harvester industry．

Cylinder block of diesel engine is one of key parts of diesel engine with high precision and many processing procedures．In conventional processing, key processes were processed by high-precision equipment such as machining centers．And the processes that affect beat of machining center, such as general precision requirements, numerous quantities and unconventional angles, were mostly processed by special modular machine tools．Aiming at problem of integrated machining of remaining parts in conventional machining process of diesel engine block, a set of collinear compound machining form of special-shaped structure was designed．It can realize drilling, tapping and boring end face processing of 7 types of cylinder blocks of 4 and 6 cylinder diesel engines, and it is equipped with special automatic fixture and automatic shifting and conveying mechanism for collinear processing of 4 and 6 cylinder blocks．Production practice has proved that this processing form simplified process flow, reduced number of equipment in automatic processing line, design of auxiliary tools was economical and reasonable, the automatic fixture was easy to operate, and processing accuracy met process requirements．

In view of demand of mechanized harvesting of millet in hilly, mountainous and plain areas in China, 4LZG-1.5 small self-propelled millet harvester was researched and designed．Four-wheel chassis suitable for working environment in hilly and mountainous areas was adopted．And it’s trafficability was good．Special crop holder and extended profiling header were designed to solve problems of large header loss and difficult harvest．Combined threshing cylinder of " striped bar + plate teeth + nail teeth", and small hole mesh screen separation mechanism were adopted to solve problem of difficult threshing and cleaning of high wet millet．Field test results showed that total loss rate was 4.5%, grain impurity content rate was 2.2%, and crushing rate was 3.1%．All the performance indicators met design requirements．It provided equipment support for mechanized harvesting of millet and other miscellaneous grain crops in China．

In response to demand for cultivating vegetables at home, a circular stereoscopic household vegetable cultivation device was designed, mainly for leaf vegetables and sprouting vegetables, based on characteristics of short growth cycle, easy management and especially suitable for balcony planting．The device was composed of main structure, irrigation and fertilization system and control system．It has beautiful appearance, high space utilization rate, simple operation, can use the internet to realize remote control of irrigation and fertilization operations, and can make residents get rid of trouble of regular management．It is suitable for both hydroponic cultivation and substrate cultivation, and can be used for planting leaf vegetables and sprouting vegetables．When used in household cultivation of vegetables, it can form a unique plant landscape and may serve as green decoration．Therefore, it will be easy to be promoted in household vegetable cultivation．

A retractable rod tooth threshing device was developed to solve problems of high crushing rate, high impurity content and easy to "wrap around braid" and block threshing drum in mechanized harvesting of buckwheat．Threshing device utilized rubbing and brushing action of grooved rod drum and grid concave plate on crops to realize threshing．The crops were well rolled and pushed backwards, avoiding entanglement of straws and improving threshing effect．Threshing device was installed on buckwheat threshing performance test bench, and rotation speed of drum, threshing gap and feeding amount were selected as test factors to carry out orthogonal test．Under this condition, grain breakage rate was 3.42%, and grain loss rate was 0.14%, which met index of mechanized harvesting of buckwheat and provided a theoretical basis for application of retractable rod tooth threshing device and research and development of buckwheat combine harvester．

Taking food sensory teaching as an example, application of comprehensive experimental design based on cross fusion was expounded．Integrating and utilizing interdisciplinary knowledge and integrated design into comprehensive experiment．Students made samples by themselves, formulated sensory evaluation indicators of products, and evaluated quality of several products with different formulas．They used analysis of variance to give product evaluation results and judged significant differences between samples and reviewers．Experimental content covered a wide range of knowledge points．After several years of practice, students' comprehensive ability were improved, teaching effect feedback was good, and students' recognition was high．

Based on the national "14th Five-Year Plan" teaching materials and concept of "created in China, refined in China, and brewed in China", "Wine Making Technology" course was reconstructed, closely following professional teaching standards, closely following professional talent training plan and curriculum standards, connecting "wine promotion and wine service" 1+X certificate, integrating the "spirit of labor, craftsmanship, three cows" ideological and political elements．Starting from core skills of the brewer’s post, relying on project of integration of production and education, combining industry standards and innovation requirements, a modular curriculum structure was built, adopting a "stepped + task-driven" teaching model．Students could acquire knowledge and skills, increase knowledge, and improve literacy while completing project tasks．

To better cultivate comprehensive talents and break isolation between different traditional experimental courses, extraction and determination of folic acid were brought into experiment course of food biochemistry for undergraduates for the first time．Based on ordinary food as raw material, folic acid was extracted by enzymolysis and detected by microbial method．Combination courses of Food Biochemistry and Microbiology will extend students' experimental knowledge by a large margin and help them to build up integral theoretical system of Food Biochemistry and Microbiology．This experiment course, with low cost, could be adopted as a comprehensive experiment project of food specialty in colleges and universities．

Wintering anti-freezing technology is decisive to growing, development, yield and quality of wine grape．Severe freezing damage in winter directly influences not only income of growers, but also grape-industry development healthily and stably．Through looking up lots of pertinent literatures on grape overwintering antifreeze technology, technologies were summed up on covering soil, other materials mixed soil, covering other materials, and shelves and multiple cultivation techniques, such as selecting scion grafting, varieties of antifreeze, posture, planting way and inter-garden management measures．Results showed that selecting scion grafting was the firstly needed to solve primary and fundamental hidden of freezing injury．Secondly, the most important thing was cold protection measures．Benefits of polyvinyl chloride and other mixed soil or glass wool insulation quilt were better than that of burying soil．Beimei, Beihong in North China and parts of south of it could live through winter form shelves．Polystyrene has good cold protection effect and could be used on frost emergency, such as of which has good environmental protection effect and may be main development direction of wine grape overwintering technology in the future．

Freezing injury is one of main meteorological disasters affecting growth and development of Wuzhai sweet waxy corn．The most economical and effective measure to prevent freezing injury is to understand characteristics of Wuzhai low-temperature freezing injury, select the best sowing and harvesting time, and avoid risk of freezing injury．Based on meteorological data of 65 years temperature, 10 cm ground temperature and frost day in Wuzhai county and data of freezing injury in recent 10 years, effects of low temperature freezing injury on whole growth period of sweet waxy corn in Wuzhai county were analyzed and studied by using methods of mathematical statistics, probability statistics and excel analysis．Results showed that during growth period of sweet waxy corn in Wuzhai County, risk of freezing injury was higher in spring and lower in autumn．From seedling stage to three leaf stage of sweet waxy maize, period with the highest risk of freezing injury was from April 25 to May 15．In harvest period of sweet waxy corn, risk of freezing injury was the highest in late September．According to research results, corresponding defense countermeasures were put forward in order to provide technical support for scientific and rational planting of sweet and waxy corn．

Parental source, breeding process, variety characteristics, yield performance and cultivation techniques of Wansu 1019, a new summer soybean variety with high yield and disease resistance, were introduced in order to promote healthy and rapid development of soybean industry．

In order to explore effects of moderate and severe drought at jointing stage and heading stage on maize growth, development and yield in Jinzhou area, based on field experiment of main summer maize, five treatments of control group （CK） and drought stress group（T1, T2, T3 and T4） were set up, and each treatment was repeated for 4 times．Results showed that T2 was significantly shorter than CK, T1 was significantly shorter than CK, plant height was CK>T1>T2; plant height of T3 and T4 were also shorter than that of CK, but there was no significant difference, plant height was CK>T3> T4, but the effect was less than that of T1 and T2．Total number of leaves in T2 was significantly less than that in CK, and total number of leaves in T1 was significantly less than that in CK, total number of leaves was CK>T1>T2; total number of leaves in T3 and T4 were also significantly less than that in CK, and total number of leaves was CK>T3> T4．Ear length of T2, T3 and T4 were significantly lower than CK, and bald tip ratio was significantly higher than that of CK．There was no significant difference in ear diameter among five groups, 100 grain mass of T4 was significantly lower than CK, and panicle grain quality of T1, T2, T3 and T4 were significantly lower than CK．Theoretical grain yield of maize was significantly lower than that of CK．Maize suffered moderate and severe drought at jointing stage and tasseling stage, which had different degrees of inhibition and negative effects on plant height, total leaf number, ear traits and theoretical grain yield．Negative effect of drought on plant height and total leaf number of maize was greater at jointing stage, and negative effect of drought on ear traits and theoretical grain yield of maize was greater at heading stage．Influence degree of plant height, total leaf number, ear traits and theoretical grain yield of maize increased with the increase of drought intensity．The more serious the drought, the more serious the corn production reduction．

With rapid development of agricultural specialized cooperatives in China, they have become new significant agriculture operators and backbone of modern agriculture construction．According to requirements of "Qilu Model" for rural revitalization in Shandong Province, Haiyang City takes realization of modern agricultural cooperative management as starting point, and takes adjustment of agricultural industrial structure and industrial revitalization as breakthrough point to vigorously develop characteristic agricultural planting industry．Development of professional cooperatives also shows a new trend．Development and operation mode of cultivation of professional cooperatives in Haiyang City were studied through field investigation and questionnaires, collecting first-hand information on empirical analysis．Some suggestions have been put forward to offer theoretical references to realize harmonious development of cooperatives．

Based on in-depth investigation of agricultural product e-commerce and logistics in Shaanxi Province, internal dynamic mechanism was analyzed and simulated by means of system dynamics principle, coordinated development model of agricultural product e-commerce and logistics was established, and way of coordinated development of rural e-commerce and logistics was studied．Based on relevant data of Shaanxi Province from 2015 to 2020, empirical simulation analysis was conducted, impact of different factors on coordinated development of agricultural product e-commerce and logistics in Shaanxi Province was compared, and effective strategies and methods were put forward for coordinated development of agricultural product e-commerce and logistics in Shaanxi Province, providing reference for promoting stable and sustainable development of agricultural product e-commerce and logistics in Shaanxi Province．