To adapt to hilly agriculture development and agriculture in Zhejiang Province "machine substitution" demand for agricultural machinery and equipment technology, problems of rice mechanization development in hilly areas of Zhejiang Province were summarized using method of SWOT analysis．Overall plan and critical task of rice mechanization development were put forward．Suggestion was given to promote rice mechanization development．To accelerate development of rice mechanization in hilly areas and promote agricultural modernization, "two harmonization" and "two adaptation" should be taken as main path with help of policy and technology combination tools．

In recent years, agricultural machinery popularization in Kenli District of Dongying City has achieved some results．There are inevitably some practical problems, such as lack of team building structure, limited working funds, disjointed information between supply and demand, single and rigid mode, and insufficient attention．Some countermeasures and suggestions, such as improving quality of personnel, increasing investment of special funds, strengthening construction of information networks, innovating propaganda concepts, and increasing degree of attention were put forward to promote agricultural machinery popularization in Kenli District．

With classification of corn straw balers, status of corn straw balers was summarized with different working modes and baling shapes, research progress was analyzed, and development trend of corn straw balers was put forward．

Separation difficulties after breeding maggots in livestock and poultry feces were analyzed．Basic principles, advantages and disadvantages of different separation methods were compared．Combined with existing separation technology, existing problems and research direction were pointed out, and development of livestock manure and maggot breeding industry was prospected．It is helpful to solve environmental issues within development of livestock and poultry breeding industry．

Water plays important role in maintaining normal physiological function activities, nutrient metabolism and production performance of livestock． One of effective means to improve growth performance of livestock is to provide adequate, temperature appropriate and clean drinking water． In order to improve livestock breeding level and economic benefits in cold season of northwest China, and solve problem of livestock drinking warm water, research progress of constant temperature drinking water device for cattle was introduced． Application status, advantages and disadvantages of electric heating, solar heating, biogas heating and other heating drinking water devices were analyzed． Development trend was looking forward． Suggestions on the way of constant temperature heating drinking water for cattle farms in different regions of northwest China were put forward．

In view of current situation of extensive management mode, low degree of automation and serious waste of water and fertilizer in promotion and application of drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology, taking development of intelligent water and fertilizer integrated machine control system as research object, by means of wireless communication technology, sensor technology and automatic control technology and other modern technology, a set of control system was developed which could realize regulation and control of fertilization formula, fertilization procedure and rotation irrigation group through remote and local two relatively independent modes． Measured results showed that, effectiveness of control system was over 98.3% and it could save more than 80% of labor compared with traditional water and fertilizer management mode． This control system could effectively improve automation degree and fine level of field water and fertilizer management, in line with development needs of modern agriculture．

Mushroom maturity is decisive basis for judging whether they are harvesting．Most mushroom breeding bases relies on artificial experience to decide whether mushrooms are mature．This situation not only requires experienced labor but also increases labor intensity．In response to above problems, a mushroom target detection and recognition method based on the Mask R-CNN network was used to divide mushrooms．Experimental results showed that this method could make accurate judgments on whether mushrooms were mature, and it was of great significance to promote intelligent cultivation of mushrooms．

Robot navigation technologies such as vision navigation, laser navigation, satellite navigation and road sign navigation were introduced, and navigation accuracy, real-time and adaptability of different types of robot navigation technologies in specific application scenarios were analyzed．According to characteristics of these navigation technologies, combined with results of navigation technology test conducted in the indoor farm of Meizhou Golden Green Modern Agriculture Development Co., Ltd., problems existing in application of single navigation technology in indoor breeding farms were pointed out, and application prospect of navigation technology based on information fusion of multiple navigation methods in indoor breeding farms were looked forward, hoping to provide ideas for breaking through key technologies of robot feeding, transportation and picking, and solving problems restricting development of intelligent and unmanned agriculture．

During long-term operation of the dam, due to problems such as instrument failure or equipment transformation, monitoring data will be distorted or missing, which is easy to cause misjudgment of structural safety．Missing monitoring data were interpolated with principle of spatio-temporal correlation, and singular value was identified and processed by combination method of Grabus-wavelet denoising．Reconstructed monitoring data of the dam body were obtained, and singular value was corrected．Example proved that this method could effectively interpolate missing deformation data and calibrate singular value to make monitoring data more scientific and reasonable．

A pig breeding environment information collection system based on Internet of Things was constructed by using sensor and network communication technology． Arrangement of various sensors, RFID, image acquisition and other equipment in the pig house were made to collect and store pig breeding environment information, and transmit data efficiently, stably and rapidly through Bluetooth, ZigBee, 5G and other information transmission technologies． In the processing layer and application layer, terminal equipment was used to process and analyze breeding environment information, so as to realize monitoring and effective management of pig breeding environment, and provide reliable data basis for development of modern animal husbandry． The pig breeding environment information collection system has good application prospects and basic support in scientific management and accurate feeding．

Impact of sandstorm hazard on cotton seedling growth and construction of quantitative indicators have important guiding significance for evaluating impact of sandstorm hazard on cotton yield． Through sand simulation experiments of different wind speeds, directions and durations, damage degree of sandstorm hazard to cotton growth was studied, and indicators of sandstorm hazard in cotton seedling stage（one true leaf to five true leaves）were obtained． Results showed that, from one true leaf to three true leaves, ability of cotton seedlings to resist sandstorm hazard increased with progress of growth, and resistance of cotton seedlings to sandstorm hazard at seedling stage changed abruptly at five true leaf stage． Effect of sandstorm hazard on cotton seedling stage divided into three stages, 8～14 m/s was affected growth stage, 14～17 m/s was severely affected stage, and more than 17 m/s was damaged stage． In actual production process, appropriate preventive measures for sandstorm weather could be taken according to specific weather forecast and combined with sandstorm hazard indicators at cotton seedling stage．

Referring to practice and exploration of crop straw comprehensive utilization in Xinzhou City during recent years, and by means of analyzing status quo and existing problems, suggestions for further advancement were put forwards．

Changes of global climate will lead to more uncertainty of annual precipitations in Loess Plateau, which is a critical factor for causing droughts or floods in that area． In order to design better strategy to manage water resource in different hydrological years, special and temporal distribution of drought and flood in Loess Plateau was analyzed． Precipitation data from 263 meteorological stations were used to identify typical hydrological years, including wet year, normal year and dry year． Then Standardized Precipitation Index（SPI）was calculated as an indicator for droughts and floods． Results showed that droughts occurred in all kinds of hydrological years． In wet year, drought area, flood area took up 5.7% and 40.9%, respectively． In normal year, drought area and flood area accounted for 12.7% and 19.3%, respectively． However, drought area took up 44.4% and flood area took up 17.9% in dry year． Spatial distribution of droughts in wet year, normal year and dry year was obviously different． Spring was usually dry in all kinds of hydrological years． Drought area in spring would decrease after beginning of rainy season in wet year and normal year, however rainfall in rainy season of dry year could not alleviate spring drought effectively． What’s more, autumn in dry year was wet． According to results, drought and flood were frequent in Loess Plateau, allocation of water conservancy facilities and field irrigation facilities in Loess Plateau were critical for agriculture and ecosystem in Loess Plateau．

The sand was added with octylamine to make it water repellent, and pepper was planted in the same natural environment by three groups: covering water repellent soil, film mulching, and non-film mulching． Cumulative watering amount, plant height, diameter, and quality of pepper at the same time were compared and analyzed． At the same time, the Weiner quadrupole method was used to compare soil resistivity． Results showed that in the early growth period of pepper, amount of pepper watering in the area covered with water repellent soil was the least, and yield of pepper in the same period was slightly less than that in area covered with film and far more than that in area not covered with film, plant height was lower, and diameter was the least． Soil resistivity of covered water repellent soil area before and after rainfall was smaller than that of natural soil area． And variation range of resistivity value of covered water repellent soil area was smaller than that of natural soil area． Results showed that repulsion of water repellent soil could reduce rate of water movement in natural soil, reduce water evaporation of field, and benefit growth of crops． The trial aimed to provide new water conservation measures for dry areas without affecting crop growth．

Aiming at problem that common solution process in simulation process of farmland partitioned irrigation water demand was prone to fall into local minimization, excessive fitting, and excessive dependence on historical water use data, resulting in significant errors in final simulation results, a simulation analysis method of farmland partitioned irrigation water demand based on Bayesian neural network was studied． Water demand in previous week, proportion of monthly water demand in the year, upper limit of daily temperature and daily rainfall were taken as indicators, and average value of indicator data was obtained through cluster analysis, and sample data of historical water use for farmland subarea irrigation were clustered． Bayesian neural network model was built． Average value of index data was input into model, and indicator data were trained according to BP neural network principle and Bayesian rule, at last, simulation results of irrigation water demand of farmland were output． Experimental results showed that correlation between data in data clustering results was higher than 95%, data fitting effect was good, and simulation of water demand had higher accuracy and stability．

Amount of irrigation and fertilizer are two vital factors affecting crop growth．Under traditional irrigation and fertilization mode, utilization efficiency of farmland water and fertilizer is low, which is not conducive to sustainable development of agriculture, and appropriate irrigation and fertilization can significantly optimize crop growth．Water nitrogen coupling technology can achieve purpose of water saving, high quality and high yield by reasonably regulating water and fertilizer demand of crop in different growth periods．Development of water nitrogen coupling technology was introduced, research significance of water nitrogen coupling technology was expounded．Application effect and development prospect of water nitrogen coupling technology in cash crop cultivation was defined．Problems of water-nitrogen coupling technology were considered deeply．

In order to explore effect of different suppression intensity on growth characteristics of oat, a suppression test device with adjustable suppression intensity was designed．Interaction between suppression wheel and soil was analyzed．Through force analysis and formula derivation, relationship between suppression strength and counterweight was obtained．Through field calibration test, test counterweight under different suppression intensity was calculated．Agronomic characteristics of oat such as emergence rate, dry matter accumulation of roots, stems and leaves at seedling stage and yield were tracked and analyzed by field experiment．Results showed that when suppression intensity was 45 kPa, growth and development of oats were the best, emergence rate, dry matter accumulation of roots at seedling stage, dry matter accumulation of stems and leaves, and yield of oats were 78.33%, 0.088 g/plant, 0.546 g/plant, 2 501.25 kg/hm², which increased by 30.09%, 33.33%, 32.52%, and 16.58% compared with that without compression, respectively．

For wet sticky organic fertilizer with high water content, based on the TRIZ theory and related patent analysis, a four-bar linkage arch breaking device has been designed and manufactured．For organic fertilizers with a moisture content of 30%, driving cylinder to complete 1-3 reciprocating movements could achieve arch breaking, and maximum energy consumption was only 0.623 kW．The range of arch breaking was large, and flow of materials in the silo after arch breaking was overall flow．Flow form was ideal, and the cost was only 18% of original arch breaking device．The device adopted mass compensation principle and pre action principle of TRIZ theory, which reduced energy loss caused by energy conversion in process of arch breaking, increased asymmetry of system in advance, and ensured smooth completion of arch breaking process．

The high gap wheel sprayer has a wide range of agricultural economic market in northwest and northeast of China．In combination with working characteristics of high gap wheel sprayer and advantages of closed hydraulic system, reasonable working parameters were formulated and hydraulic system was designed to meet requirements．AMESim software model was used to build closed hydraulic transmission system, and simulation analysis was carried out according to data of hydraulic components．According to analysis results, prototype was optimized and upgraded, and verification test was carried out．Test results showed that designed closed hydraulic transmission system met actual working requirements of high gap wheel sprayer and provided a stable experimental platform for intelligent control of agricultural machinery．

According to GB/T 14785—2008 "tractors and machinery for agricultural and forestry, test methods of wheels side load fatigue", finite element model of tractor wheel structure was established．Structural finite element analysis of tractor wheel was carried out by using analysis software, and stress level and distribution characteristics under loading condition of fatigue test were calculated．In view of weak links of wheel that were easy to be damaged by strength, a reasonable improvement design scheme was proposed to make stress distribution of wheel reasonable, improve product quality, enhance market competitiveness, and provide theoretical guidance for further optimization design of the wheel．

Ditching and fertilization are important link in orchard management． In view of dense distribution of fruit trees and uneven terrain in orchards in hilly areas of Zhejiang Province, a crawler offset ditching fertilizer applicator with compact structure, good climbing performance and ditching depth adjustment device has been developed． Test results showed that depth of trenching was 0～300 mm, fertilization efficiency was 0～6 L/m, and no-load climbing angle was 22°, which basically met operation requirements of close distance fertilization for fruit trees in gentle slope orchards．

Rice is main grain crop in China, which can be planted for up to three crops a year． When riding high-speed transplanter is used to plant rice, its annual operation time is about 60 days． In order to increase utilization rate of high-speed rice transplanter and reduce production cost of farmers, a riding multi-function agricultural vehicle was developed and designed． This agricultural vehicle used chassis of high-speed rice transplanter as walking part, and two power output shafts were designed． Whole process mechanization of rice production was realized by carrying functional components such as tillage, seeding, management and harvesting． Its field experiment results was good, and its popularization and application prospects was broad．

Taking food analysis experiment course as an example, reform and practice of undergraduate experimental teaching assessment system under background of new engineering was expounded．In view of shortcomings of current experimental assessment and evaluation system, on the basis of fully reflecting characteristics of food science and engineering, combining characteristics of curriculum and experimental system, and according to different objectives and requirements of different types of experimental projects, a diversified experimental assessment and evaluation system was established．The practice of three sessions of students has proved that assessment system was conducive to guiding students to learn independently, objectively and fairly reflecting students' actual experimental level, and stimulating students' enthusiasm and interest in learning．Assessment and evaluation system focused on student development, which was conducive to improving quality of talent training．The project was worth further promotion and research.

Based on team's experience in applying for the first-class undergraduate course, practice and high-quality and efficient video design experience were shared, and design ideas and implementation methods of each link in the course were studied． Taking course of "Leisure Agriculture and Rural Tourism" as an example, content of saying lesson in the first-class undergraduate course application from four aspects: saying lesson definition, saying lesson video, saying lesson content and specific operation mode were mainly introduced． Content design, display material arrangement, script design and video production of lecture video were specifically introduced, curriculum overview, teaching design ideas, teaching environment and methods, innovative features, teaching effect evaluation and comparison were focused, and some specific details and precautions in the production of lecture video were given, which could provide a good reference for teachers preparing to apply for first-class undergraduate courses．

Taking ideological and political teaching reform of the course "Food Quality and Safety Management" of food inspection and testing technology specialty as an example, ideological and political elements were organically integrated into teaching design of curriculum, and ways and means of infiltrating ideological and political elements in teaching and assessment methods of curriculum were explored．Teaching of professional knowledge was integrated with spiritual guidance at the level of ideals and beliefs, teaching effect of ideological and political reform of curriculum was improved, and teaching goal of cultivating high-quality technical and skilled talents with excellent moral character and professional ability were achieved．

In order to prevent and control pests of tea trees scientifically, occurrence and development regularity of four main pests affecting Rizhao tea area was analyzed, including little green leafhopper, green bug, aleurocanthus spiniferus and mites． Meteorological indexes suitable for occurrence of four main pests in each development period were introduced． Experiment on pest control was carried． Results showed that non residue ecological control was main model of pest control in tea plantations at present and in the future． Meteorological indexes of main insect pests of Rizhao tea trees could be used as reference for guiding control of insect pests in tea gardens in northern China．

Hebi City has explored the mode in construction of digital agriculture, innovated and summarized the experience, but there were still some problems in construction and application of digital agriculture, such as insufficient resource integration, insufficient application of new technologies, lagging system construction, weak demonstration and driving effect, etc． Focusing on how to closely follow national strategy, make use of superior policies, strengthen top-level design, deeply empower agricultural production, agricultural operation, agricultural management and agricultural services with information technology, a "Hebi model" for digital agriculture construction was created, planning and construction was carried out in accordance with "13456+N" framework, in order to further explore high-quality agricultural and rural development, and comprehensively promote intelligent production, networked management, digitalized management and online services．

Through analyzing data of Shandong Province from 2013 to 2019, agriculture competitiveness of 16 prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province was studied, and suggestions were put forward for further improving overall agricultural competitiveness of Shandong Province．Index system of regional agriculture competitiveness in Shandong Province was established, and agriculture competitiveness of prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province was comprehensively analyzed and evaluated by factor analysis method．Spatial and temporal evolution of agriculture competitiveness in Shandong Province was analyzed by spatial interpolation．From 2013 to 2019, overall regional agriculture competitiveness of Shandong Province showed an upward trend．Agriculture competitiveness in various regions of Shandong Province was seriously unbalanced．Core elements of agriculture competitiveness of different cities in Shandong Province were very similar．Spatial evolution of regional agriculture competitiveness in Shandong Province changed from dispersion to agglomeration, and there was a clear gradient difference among different cities, which gradually formed dominant agriculture industrial belt represented by cities．Value of regional agriculture competitiveness in Shandong Province showed a high positive correlation with spatial expansion capacity of each city, and change in agricultural competitiveness was consistent with path change．Regional spatial expansion capacity decreased gradually from east to west in Shandong Province． Local authority should formulate a scientific and reasonable agricultural policy system to improve level of agriculture modernization．Local authority should optimize industrial structure to focus on sustainable agriculture development．Local authority should develop characteristic agriculture based on local advantages．

Coordinated development of "new urbanization and agricultural modernization" is of great significance for China to change urban-rural dual structure and improve quality of development． Meaning of new urbanization and agricultural modernization was summarized． Based on research results in the field of coupling and coordination, coupling mechanism of new urbanization and agricultural modernization was analyzed． Evaluation system and coupling degree model were structured． Countermeasures for coordinated development of new urbanization and agricultural modernization were put forward, which including improving quality of urbanization development, increasing financial input and introducing market mechanism．

Taking CNKI as literature search engine and using literature from 2005 to 2021 as sample data, with Cite Space analysis technology and quantitative visualization tools to visually analyze retrieved and screened data, a new type of professional farmer precise training keyword co-occurrence map and time distribution map was drawn to explore characteristics of spatial distribution from visual co-occurrence map of research institutions and research authors．It was helpful to seek precise training path for new-type professional farmers under background of agricultural modernization, and improve skill level of rural revitalization talent team．