Tillage and land preparation machinery are the most basic farmland operation machinery, operation purpose is to loosen soil, surface leveling, eliminate weeds, pests and germs, provide a good natural ecological environment for seed germination and emergence and crop root growth and development．Various models and application status of loose tillage and land preparation machinery at home and abroad were described briefly．Characteristics and development trend were analyzed．According to current situation of agricultural machinery and actual demand of precision agriculture in China, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward, in order to promote tillage and land preparation machinery and equipments development rapidly．

Soil is foundation of agricultural development, and quality of soil directly affects economic benefits of agriculture．Due to influence of terrain, research and development of cultivation equipment in hilly and mountainous areas is slow, and degree of mechanization is low．Mechanization level of cultivation in hilly and mountainous areas seriously restricts development of agriculture in China．Current development status of cultivation equipment in hilly and mountainous areas both domestically and internationally were summarized, including rotary tillers, micro tillers, deep tillers, and deep loosening machines, and development suggestions for their existing problems were proposed．

With introduction of relevant policies, industrial hemp has been widely cultivated as a multi-purpose and high-benefit crop, and the products using it as raw materials have been developed and applied in fields of national defense, medical treatment, people's livelihood, etc．Main uses of industrial hemp, planting agronomy requirements, and development status of planting machinery were summarized．Problems urgently needed to be solved in planting process of industrial hemp were analyzed, and corresponding development suggestions were put proposed．

With rapid development of livestock husbandry, under situation of increasing forage planting area year by year, shorter forage harvest season, and forage nutrition loss by early or late harvesting, users should complete harvesting efficiently within a limited time, usually by means of increasing harvesting width or increasing working speed, consequently cause overload of engine, and finally resulting in shutdown of forage harvester．Aiming at above problems, an engine overload adaptive system of forage harvester was designed．The system determined forward direction of harvester through feedback signal of control handle, collected datas of engine speed and engine load percentage in real time, and started adaptive mode with one key．When engine was overloaded, controller reduced forward speed of harvester by reducing current of solenoid valve of walking pump, and engine load was reducing by correspondingly reducing feeding amount of harvester．This adaptive system could effectively reduce labor intensity and improve working efficiency of forage harvester．

Corn harvester header reel chain speed lacks automatic control system, which will cause corn stalk to be pushed down．To solve this problem, a reel chain speed control system based on double closed loop PID control was designed with harvester speed as reference value and reel chain speed and torque as feedback value．After calculation of key parameters, the AMESim software was used for system modeling and simulation．Simulation results showed that the maximum step response time of double closed loop PID control system to speed signal was 0.87 s, and the maximum overshoot was 2.63%．When control system was affected by step signal of reel chain resistance torque, the maximum speed drop rate was 6.34%．Power consumption of reel chain system reduced by 5.3% compared with pure mechanical drive．This control method could provide a new idea for design of corn harvester reel chain system．

Unsmooth marketing channels are one of problems that Beijing's facility vegetable industry cluster construction focuses on solving．Construction of marketing channels for facility vegetables in Beijing was targeted, main problems that exist were analyzed．A brand digital management and service system was established to improve standardization and digital production level of the park, develop flexible and diverse e-commerce models, tap into potential of online and offline marketing, and improve integrated sales channels of facility vegetables online and offline．Prospects for next steps of work have been provided．

Stability of food security is the most fundamental livelihood issue of the country, as key factor affecting remote sensing planting monitoring, natural factors such as clouds and fog are key factors．Therefore, accurate and efficient rapid acquisition of cultivated land planting monitoring information is of great significance for ensuring food and agriculture security, grain yield estimation, and area estimation in the study area．At present, there are few studies on construction of Multi-period Vegetation Index（MVI）synthetic model and separability of crop characteristics and cultivated land information in remote sensing cultivated land monitoring．Based on Sentinel-2 data, a multi temporal vegetation index synthesis model was constructed to estimate extraction results of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index（NDVI）, Enhanced Vegetation Index（EVI）, and Red Edge Chlorophyll II Vegetation Index（RECI）from 2020 to 2021, correlation between prediction models and crops in high-altitude mountainous areas were studied, and accuracy of crop recognition using different vegetation index models was explored．Result showed that, compared with EVI and RECI, multi-temporal NDVI model could better identify winter wheat with higher area extraction accuracy and has the strongest correlation with winter wheat in Yunnan Plateau．The user accuracy was about 93.28%．Both three stage NDVI combination and two stage vegetation NDVI combination could accurately extract winter wheat, but extraction accuracy of three stage vegetation NDVI model was higher．Therefore, accurate prediction of winter wheat planting area using a multi temporal vegetation NDVI model proved that the model could be effectively applied to winter wheat in mountainous areas of Yunnan Plateau, and provided data support for prediction of local winter wheat area．

To promote performance improvement of agricultural machinery operation monitoring terminal based on Beidou navigation technology, eight major operation monitoring terminal products in China was taken as object and applied in field for such tests as static CEP50/95, breakpoint continuingly, static working depth/state detection, and dynamic operation．Test results showed that BYT-4GS1 terminal has the highest static CEP test accuracy, with CEP50 of 0.111 and CEP95 of 0.13．Static depth test of ZNSS-3 and XXDZ-002-2015 rotary tiller has the smallest difference between terminal and actual value, which was 0.3 cm．Static test of harvester XXDZ-002-2015 and YBYT-4GS1 had the smallest difference between terminal and the actual value, which was 0.1 cm．Dynamic test of rotary tiller showed that A40 terminal trajectory has the lowest deviation, which was 0.803 m．YBYT-4GS1 type harvester operation test has the lowest trajectory deviation of 0.566 m．FJD4BD-97M4 terminal of rotary tiller has the lowest difference in operating area, which was 1.5%．YBYT-4GS1 terminal has the lowest difference in operating area of harvester, which was 1.05%．In application promotion, experimental results provide a basis for selecting terminal devices in different usage scenarios, and provide data support for intelligent and information-based development of traditional agricultural machinery．

Muskmelon has a wide planting area and manual picking is time-consuming and labor-intensive．Developing mechanized picking technology has been a hot topic in recent years, and target detection is one of the key links in mechanized picking．"Boyang 9" muskmelon images were used, and YOLOv5 and YOLOv7 models were used to study muskmelon target detection．The images of muskmelon fruits in different environments were collected for model training．Images sizes of input models were 640×640, number of samples per batch was 32, epochs were 100, and initial learning rate was 0.01．The precision（P）, recall（R）, F₁ score and average precision（AP）of YOLOv5 model were 86.1%, 82.5%, 84.3% and 90.2% respectively．The P, R, F₁ and AP of YOLOv7 model were 85.7%, 85.8%, 85.7% and 92.5% respectively．Detection accuracy of YOLOv7 model was high．Results showed that it was feasible to detect muskmelon based on YOLOv5 and YOLOv7, which solved problem of target detection in the early stage of muskmelon robot picking technology．

Carbon emission from manure aerobic composting were calculated referring to guideline of emission factor method and life cycle assessment．Total emissions include direct emissions from composting microbial degradation activities, indirect emissions from upstream activities such as electricity consumption of processing equipment, emission reductions from downstream activities such as organic fertilizer as a substitute for chemical fertilizer and soil carbon binding after land application．Results showed that the project could dispose 420 t of raw materials per day and produce 20 t of organic fertilizer, which brought 19.26 t CO₂e direct emission from compost biodegradation, 17.84 t CO₂e indirect emission from electricity consumption, 0.87 t CO₂e of emission reduction as a substitute for chemical fertilizer, 113.4 t CO₂e carbon sequestration for land application．Within scope of whole life cycle, net carbon sink was 77.18 t CO₂e, which could achieve negative carbon emission and effectively enhance soil carbon sequestration capacity, providing a technical model for agricultural emission reduction．

Based on main energy consumption data of Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, from 2007 to 2020, emission factor method was used to estimate carbon emissions of main energy sources, and extended STIRPAT model was used to construct a prediction model for carbon emissions of energy consumption in Huzhou City, and population size, per capita GDP, energy structure, energy consumption per unit of output, proportion of added value of agriculture to city's gross domestic product, total power of agricultural machinery, and industrial structure were used as factors to analyze main reasons affecting carbon emissions of energy consumption in Huzhou City．The main reasons affecting energy consumption carbon emission in Huzhou were analyzed as factors．Results showed that overall energy consumption and carbon emissions in Huzhou City showed a lowering-rising-lowering trend; carbon emission model fit R² was 0.812, the F-test significance was less than 0.01, and verification found that average relative error of model was 3.59%, which indicated that the model could better respond to characteristics of energy consumption and carbon emissions in Huzhou City．Further analysis showed that dominant factors affecting carbon emissions in Huzhou City were energy consumption structure, energy consumption per unit of output value, proportion of added value of agriculture to city's gross domestic product, total power of agricultural machinery and industrial structure, of which influence indexes of above mentioned major factors on carbon emissions from energy consumption in Huzhou City were 0.24%, −0.16%, −0.32%, −0.62%, and −0.45%．

Toon sinensis has a high value of development and utilization because of its unique edible flavor, high nutritional value and strong physiological activity．Scalding treatment of Toona sinensis has an important effect on its edible quality, nutritional composition and physiological active ingredients．Functions and main methods of scalding treatment of Toona sinensis, as well as effects of scalding treatment on nitrite, color, flavor substances, nutrients, and physiological active substances, were summarized．Results indicated that hot water scalding treatment is a suitable method for Toona sinensis．It was proposed to deeply explore effective reduction of nitrite content to ensure food safety, reduce loss of nutrients and physiological active substances, and ensure food quality, which was direction for studying scalding conditions of Toona sinensis．

As the world's fourth largest food crop to ensure national food security, potato has a large demand for water and fertilizer, and water and fertilizer have become an important factor limiting sustainable development of potato．Under film-mulched drip irrigation water and fertilizer regulation technology can achieve water and fertilizer conservation, improve water and fertilizer use efficiency, through reasonable water and fertilizer application．Besides, it can also enhance soil enzyme activity in root layer of crop, and stabilize soil fertility, while achieving high potato yield and quality．A study was conducted to examine effect of film-mulched drip irrigation on potato yield, quality, water and fertilizer usage, and soil enzyme activity in root layer．Objective of this investigation was to offer valuable insights for advancement and implementation of potato water and fertilizer regulation technology.

Crawler type non-stop baling and harvesting integrated machine has functions such as continuous harvesting, multi-level conveying, shredding and throwing, chain climbing conveying and feeding, and non-stop bundling and forming for woody plants such as Caragana, Salix psammophila, and Hybrid broussonetia．Key components were researched and designed, such as a tracked hydraulic variable displacement walking chassis and a non-stop round bundling device．A dual disc saw cutting table device, a multi roller feeding device, a combined cutting drum device, and an adaptive control system that automatically matches load feeding with operating speed, were integrated and applied．Performance tests have shown that developed tracked walking chassis could adapt to requirements of 8 t load driving and 20° climbing．The entire machine's walking, cutting, conveying, chain climbing, feeding and bundling processes were smooth, and size of round bundle formed was Φ 900 mm × 1 000 mm, with regular bundle shape, average bundle weight of 220 kg/bundle（fresh quality of caragana）, bundling rate of 98.2%, loss rate of 5.5%, average operating speed from 3 km/h to 4 km/h, and maximum operating speed of 5.9 km/h．The average cutting height after operation wass less than 8 cm, and operating production efficiency was 0.66 hm²/h．It could achieve integrated harvesting, conveying, and continuous non-stop operation．

Aiming at problems of low efficiency and poor adaptability of existing tobacco straw cleaning machines, a new type of tobacco straw cleaning machine in field was designed．The machine adopted self-propelled model, composed of key components such as gripper straw pulling device and shovel, which could complete a series of cleaning operations such as soil loosening, straw pulling and collection in double ridges at one time．Key components were designed．Optimal parameters for disturbance effect and tillage resistance of soil loosening shovel were determined through EDEM simulation experiments, including a depth of 20 mm, an angle of 24° for shovel head to enter soil, and a blade angle of 60°．Field single factor experiments showed that factors affecting tobacco straw removal rate were mechanical forward speed, clamping belt transmission speed, and clamping height, respectively．Optimal working parameters of machinery determined by field multifactor experiment were forward speed of cleaning machinery of 0.4 m/s, transmission speed of clamping belt of 0.58 m/s, clamping height of 0.43 m, and tobacco straw removal rate of ≥85%．

To improve efficiency of traditional agricultural machinery operation equipment, reduce soil compaction, improve crop yield and income, a wide span operation platform can be used as a universal walking device to match various agricultural machinery operations．Research and development background of wide span operation platform was introduced, three key technologies of walking mode, distributed four wheel independent steering and driving, and modular work tools of wide span operation platform were selected for brief explanation and analysis．Comparative analysis was conducted on fixed track operation platform, two wheel drive gantry tractors, and four wheel/track independent steering and driving wide span operation platforms, and a preliminary design scheme for a universal wide span agricultural machinery operation platform was proposed．It could provide reference for research of domestic wide span agricultural machinery operation platforms．

At present, there are some problems in picking process of Rosa roxburghii Tratt, such as low picking efficiency and high labor intensity．In order to improve overall operation efficiency of Rosa roxburghii Tratt picking, a Rosa roxburghii Tratt automatic picker integrating automatic picking, conveying and collecting was designed by using TRIZ theory．By using TRIZ identification tool function analysis, system function model of picker was constructed, contradiction and conflict were analyzed, and appropriate invention principle was selected to design optimal solution．Three-dimensional model of automatic picker of Rosa roxburghii Tratt was established by UG software, and finite element analysis of key components was carried out．Results showed that simulation analysis results met design requirements．The TRIZ theory was applied to design process of Rosa roxburghii Tratt automatic pickier, which verified feasibility of innovative design concept and provided an important reference for design and research of agricultural equipment．

Factory agriculture has become strategic direction of agricultural development in the future．Developing factory agriculture is an important way to promote transformation and upgrading of modern agriculture and improve the "three rates" of agriculture．By analyzing patents, development status and research trend of factory agriculture was understood and grasped．PatSnap database was selected as patent data source to analyze technology of factory agriculture．Based on method of bibliometric and visualization, development trend and competition situation of factory agriculture were reviewed from six aspects: patent time series distribution, applicant type, national/regional distribution, applicant institution, inventor and hot technology field．Results indicated that number of factory agricultural technology patents increased year by year．Companies were main body of agricultural industrial technology patent layout, and colleges and research institutes were main groups of basic research．The United States was the country with the largest number of patent applications as well as the largest market for patent distribution．There is still a certain gap between China's factory agriculture and developed countries in terms of core key technologies and output efficiency．Therefore, factory agriculture should be elevated to an important national business form and strategic position, focus on breaking through a group of core key technologies with high external dependence, accelerate industrialization process, and ultimately achieve technology landing．

Taking course of Rendering Diagram Expression Techniques as an example, research and practice on blended online and offline teaching based on learning transfer theory to meet needs of students for self-directed and personalized learning in teaching were conducted．Through literature review and case analysis, theoretical basis of learning transfer and teaching content and methods of rendering technique course were studied．On this basis, teaching plan of course of rendering skills based on learning transfer was designed, and teaching reform practice was carried out from integration of teaching content to reform of teaching methods and assessment methods．Research results showed that teaching plan of course of Rendering Diagram Expression Techniques based on learning transfer could effectively improve students' learning effect and practical application ability, and help to cultivate students' comprehensive ability and practical ability．

In order to further improve safety management system of emerging agricultural science practical teaching, taking Agricultural Experimental Base of Jilin University as an example, application path of PDCA theory was elaborated．A comprehensive analysis and experience sharing were conducted around practical significance of practical teaching in new agricultural sciences, introduction of PDCA theory, and application of PDCA theory in safety management in practical teaching in emerging agricultural science, with a view to provide assistance in promoting development of practical teaching in emerging agricultural sciences and progress of safety management in China．

Automatic Control Theory is a course with strong theoretical and engineering applicability．It is an important professional basic course of agricultural electrification．The course plays a connecting role in teaching process, and its teaching quality is directly related to learning effect of subsequent courses．Under background of wisdom education, based on the "14th Five Year Plan" for the Development of Education in Henan Province and the 2035 Modernization of Education in Henan Province, with the help of new engineering and MOOC teaching concept and mode, teaching mode reform research and practical exploration were carried out．Teaching reform ideas suitable for agricultural electrification specialty were put forward．Practice has proved that new teaching concept and teaching mode could effectively improve teaching quality of the course, which was of great significance to improve teaching quality of agricultural electrification specialty and professional quality of students．

To verify effect of biogas slurry application on growth and development environment of substrate cultivated pepper, a single variable method was used to study differences in changes in pepper quality, soil physicochemical properties, and rhizosphere microorganisms among five treatments: conventional cultivation（CK）, soil cultivation group（T₁）with biogas slurry application, soil cultivation group（T₂）with nutrient solution application, substrate cultivation group（T₃）with biogas slurry application, and substrate cultivation group（T₄）with nutrient solution application．Results showed that application of biogas slurry effectively improved quality of peppers, especially with a significant 53.3% increase in Vc content in the T₃ group compared to the CK group; improved soil physical and chemical properties; significantly increase relative abundance of actinomycetes, ascomycetes, etc．In addition, it was found that effect of applying biogas slurry in substrate cultivation was significantly better than that in soil．Applying biogas slurry in substrate cultivation can not only improve quality of peppers, but also improve basic physicochemical properties of substrate, change microbial community structure of rhizosphere substrate of peppers, and promote absorption and utilization of nutrients by crops．

To study leisure fishery of marine ranche, taking leisure fishery of marine ranch in Yantai City as an example, the SWOT model was used to analyze its development status and propose targeted development suggestions．Research has found that leisure fishing industry in Yantai's marine ranch has advantages in resource reserves, economic foundation, and marine ranch strength, with support from policies, state-owned enterprise capital, and facilities and equipment industries．At the same time, there were also problems such as lack of overall planning, unstable cash flow, insufficient marketing and promotion, weak technological support, poor cultural development, and natural environment constraints, as well as incomplete legal systems and unclear regulatory authorities external threats such as ecological red line restrictions and intensified competition．Based on this, suggestions were proposed: government should strengthen policy guidance and improve relevant legal system; ocean ranches should adhere to principle of ecological priority and green development; on basis of development of smart fisheries, ocean ranches should achieve innovation through integration of industry, academia, and research, as well as integration of three industries; efforts will be made to address objective factors such as natural constraints, extend marine ranching industry chain, innovate value chain of leisure fishing．

Targeting potato production area of Jiaozhou City, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, DEA model was used to empirically analyze potato production efficiency of 112 households in 10 villages in Jiaozhou City．Results showed that there was no significant difference in empirical analysis at village level, and there was a huge difference in production efficiency at farmer level．Using non-DEA effective input-output analysis, it was found that farmers have excessive inputs in fertilizers, pesticides, and labor, and their understanding of high-quality seeds was low．Relevant policy recommendations were proposed from four aspects to improve efficiency of potato production in Jiaozhou City．

Circular agriculture is an important way to realize ecology of industrial models and promote green development of rural areas．As main body of manure resource utilization, willingness of pig farmers to adopt combined mode of planting and breeding is of great significance to development of circular agriculture．Based on 210 survey data in Muping District, Yantai City, Shandong Province, the Logit-ISM model was used to determine factors that significantly affected willingness of pig farmers to combine planting and breeding, and analyze hierarchical relationship and action path between influencing factors．Results indicated that factors that had a significant impact on willingness of pig farmers to combine planting and breeding included their age, expected income, financial support, supporting land, reducing pollution, conserving resources, promoting employment, and environmental regulatory pressure．Among them, pig farmers believed that combination of planting and breeding was beneficial for reducing pollution and expected benefits, which belonged to direct factor layer．Pig farmers believed that combination of planting and breeding was beneficial for promoting employment and resource conservation, and whether pig farmers had sufficient funds and land was an indirect factor．Age and regulatory pressure from environmental protection departments belonged to bottom layer of factors．Based on above analysis, suggestions were proposed to provide reference for government departments to formulate relevant policies．

Industrialization development is an important direction of sesame reform and development in Pingyu County of Henan Province, and one of the key ways to achieve high quality development of sesame industry．An analysis was conducted on current development status of sesame industry in Pingyu County, and it was pointed out that there were still problems in development process of sesame industry in Pingyu County, such as scattered planting, outdated supporting facilities, talent shortage, single sales, and insufficient brand effect, which to some extent hinder sustainable development of sesame industrialization in Pingyu County．In response to above issues, countermeasures and suggestions have been proposed, such as large-scale planting, improving infrastructure, guiding professional talents, expanding marketing channels, and enhancing brand awareness, in order to provide reference suggestions for development of sesame industrialization in Pingyu County．