水稻穴盘秧苗钵体力学特性试验研究

陈林涛; 刘兆祥; 于新业; 牟向伟

doi:10.19998/j.cnki.2095-1795.2024.02.006

水稻穴盘秧苗钵体力学特性试验研究

doi: 10.19998/j.cnki.2095-1795.2024.02.006

广西师范大学机械工程系，广西桂林 541004

基金项目: 桂林市重点研发计划项目（20210208-2）；广西壮族自治区重点研发计划项目（2021AB38023）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈林涛，博士，讲师，硕士生导师，主要从事农业机械生产装备研究　E-mail：clt13424050147@163.com

于新业，通信作者，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事现代农业装备技术研究　E-mail：83831772@qq.com

中图分类号: S223
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-22
- 修回日期: 2023-10-25
- 出版日期: 2024-02-20

Experimental Study on Potting Characteristics of Rice Seedling in Hole Tray

Department of Mechanical Engineering，Guangxi Normal University，Guilin Guangxi 541004，China

摘要

摘要:
以培杂泰丰杂交稻种为试验对象，在立体育秧温室培育穴盘秧苗。试验时苗龄28 d，钵体含水率35.76%～54.08%，仪器为TA-XT2i型质地分析仪。对穴盘苗钵体进行平板压缩、加卸载循环和蠕变试验研究，发现平板压缩变形约3.15 mm，抗压力随变形的变化趋势差异明显，压缩约4 mm ，抗压力出现峰值上升变化陡点。当加载力为1、2、3、4和5 N，秧苗钵体平均蠕变量0.0055、0.0055、0.0056、0.0057和0.0059 mm。试验结果表明，钵体抗压力与变形呈非线性变动；平板压缩过程，钵体无明显屈服破坏点；苗钵体面对外界加卸载时表现较强塑变能力。选用Burgers模型能有效表征穴盘苗钵体压缩蠕变特性。分析多种稻种穴盘苗力学特性，结果发现不同穴盘苗钵体抗压力与变形关系遵循非线性曲线。该研究可为水稻移栽机设计优化提供理论参考。
- 水稻 /
- 钵苗 /
- 力学特性 /
- 压缩 /
- 加卸载循环 /
- 蠕变
Abstract:
Using Peiza Taifeng hybrid rice as experimental object, hole tray seedlings were cultivated in a three-dimensional seedling greenhouse．During experiment, seedling age was 28 d, moisture content of bowl was 35.76% to 54.08%．Instrument used was the TA-XT2i texture analyzer．A study was conducted on plate compression, loading and unloading cycles, and creep tests of hole tray seedling bowl．It was found that compression deformation of plate was about 3.15 mm, and there was a significant difference in trend of pressure resistance with deformation; compression was about 4 mm, and peak value of pressure resistance increased sharply．When loading force was 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 N, average creep of seedling bowl was 0.0055, 0.0055, 0.0056, 0.0057, and 0.0059 mm．Experimental results showed that pressure resistance and deformation of bowl body exhibited nonlinear changes; during compression process of flat plate, there was no obvious yield failure point on bowl body; seedling bowl exhibited strong plastic deformation ability when facing external loading and unloading．Burgers model ccould effectively characterize compressive creep characteristics of tray seedling bowl．Mechanical properties of various rice seed hole tray seedlings were analyzed．It was found that relationship between pressure resistance and deformation of different hole tray seedling bowl bodies followed a nonlinear curve．This study could provide theoretical reference for design optimization of rice transplanters．
- rice /
- potting seedling /
- mechanical properties /
- compression /
- loading and unloading cycles /
- creep

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图 1 穴盘苗钵体受力示意

1. 取苗夹片　2. 取苗夹片　3. 钵体　4. 穴盘

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of force on potting body of burrowed seedlings

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图 2 2SJB-500型水稻精密播种育秧生产线

Figure 2. 2SJB-500 rice precision seeding and transplanting production line

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图 3 试验苗钵

1. 秧苗　2. 钵体

Figure 3. Test seedling pot

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图 4 钵苗力学特性试验示意

1. 测试臂支架　2. 测试臂　3. 传感器探头位置　4. 载物台　5. 底座　6. 质构仪　7. 平板探头　8. 钵体　9. 倾斜载物台

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of potting seedling mechanical properties test

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图 5 钵体压缩力与变形曲线

Figure 5. Compression force and deformation curve of mantle

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图 6 穴盘苗钵体抗压力-变形曲线

A——屈服点　B——初始点　K₀——初始刚度　K₁——割线刚度　K₂——屈服刚度

Figure 6. Pressure-deformation curve of potting body of burrowed seedling

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图 7 穴盘苗压缩破坏特征

Figure 7. Compression damage characteristics of burrowed seedlings

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图 8 穴盘苗钵体加卸载力与变形曲线

D_p——残余变形　D_e——弹性变形

Figure 8. Unloading force and deformation curve of potting body of burrowed seedlings

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图 9 穴盘苗钵体加卸载力学特性参数与压缩量的关系

Figure 9. Relation between mechanical characteristic parameters and compression amount for loading and unloading of burrowed seedling potting body

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图 10 苗钵蠕变试验结果

Figure 10. Creep test results of seedling bowl

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图 11 伯格斯四元件模型

E_k0——瞬时弹性模量　E_k——延迟弹性模量　η_k——延迟黏性系数　η_kV——黏性系数　σ₀——初始应力

Figure 11. Burgess four-element model

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图 12 不同穴盘苗钵体抗压力-变形曲线

Figure 12. Pressure-deflection curves of different burrowed seedling mortars

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表 1 不同生长期穴盘秧苗苗高

Table 1. Seedling height of hole tray seedlings at different growth periods 单位：cm

天数	钵苗序号					平均值
天数	1	2	3	4	5	平均值
第8天	8.9	7.6	9.2	8.5	8.1	8.5
第12天	12.8	13.1	12.5	11.7	11.2	12.3
第16天	16.5	16.2	17.2	16.5	17.2	16.7
第20天	17.8	16.9	18.5	16.7	17.9	17.6

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表 2 出苗率、成苗率和小苗率试验结果

Table 2. Seedling emergence，seedling success and seedling rate test results 单位：%

序号	出苗率	成苗率	小苗率
第1盘	82.32	79.56	3.08
第2盘	82.36	79.45	4.12
第3盘	82.28	79.36	5.15

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表 3 秧苗素质试验结果

Table 3. Results of seedling quality test

序号	叶龄/叶	苗高/cm	苗茎宽/cm	根干质量/g	茎叶干质量/g	壮苗指数
第1盘	2.94	16.72	1.42	11.5	16.3	0.14
第2盘	2.96	17.86	1.54	11.7	17.1	0.15
第3盘	2.68	18.15	1.52	10.4	12.7	0.15

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表 4 苗钵含水率测定结果

Table 4. Determination of water content of seedling pots

苗盘	试验序号	钵体湿质量/g	钵体干质量/g	含水率/%
第1盘	1	2.6	1.4	46.1
	2	3.2	2.1	34.4
	3	2.8	1.6	42.9
	4	2.9	1.7	41.3
	5	2.9	1.5	48.3
	平均值	2.88	1.66	42.60
第2盘	1	2.2	1.6	27.3
	2	2.7	1.8	33.3
	3	2.9	1.9	34.5
	4	3.1	1.7	45.2
	5	2.6	1.6	38.5
	平均值	2.70	1.72	35.76
第3盘	1	3.3	1.5	54.5
	2	3.4	1.6	52.9
	3	3.1	1.4	54.8
	4	3.2	1.5	53.1
	5	2.9	1.3	55.1
	平均值	3.18	1.46	54.08

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表 5 不同压力载荷下钵体蠕变参数

Table 5. Creep parameters of mantle under different pressure loads

加载力/N	E₁/（N·mm⁻¹）	E₂/（N·mm⁻¹）	η₁/（N·mm⁻¹）	η₂/（N·mm⁻¹）	T_rel/s	R²
1	3.315	0.743	122.5	0.487	0.362	0.9955
2	2.564	1.209	255.8	0.183	0.221	0.9939
3	1.824	1.795	377.7	0.119	0.214	0.9974
4	1.877	2.397	456.7	0.090	0.215	0.9974
5	1.843	2.923	935.8	0.067	0.195	0.9931

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