基于OECD规则试验报告的轮式拖拉机牵引性能研究

王扬光; 韩晓荣; 王庆厚; 刘德普

doi:10.19998/j.cnki.2095-1795.2024.02.013

基于OECD规则试验报告的轮式拖拉机牵引性能研究

doi: 10.19998/j.cnki.2095-1795.2024.02.013

1.
农业农村部农业机械化总站，北京 100122
2.
山东潍坊鲁中拖拉机有限公司，山东潍坊 261021

详细信息

作者简介:
王扬光，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事农机试验鉴定和技术推广工作E-mail：wygcau@163.com

中图分类号: S219
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- 文章访问数: 15
- HTML全文浏览量: 4
- PDF下载量: 7
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-30
- 修回日期: 2023-10-28
- 出版日期: 2024-02-20

Tractive Performance of Wheeled Tractor Based on OECD Code Test Reports

1.
Chinese Agricultural Mechanization Center，Minstry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Beijing 100122，China
2.
Shandong Weifang Luzhong Tractor Co.，Ltd.，Weifang Shandong 261021，China

摘要

摘要:
拖拉机是农机工业的核心，牵引性能是拖拉机的重要性能之一。对OECD规则试验报告牵引性能研究分析表明，四轮驱动、无配重状态下，85.1%的拖拉机最大牵引力比值＞400 N/kW、86.5%的拖拉机最大牵引功率百分比＞75%、最大牵引比油耗平均值274.59 g/（kW·h）。重型拖拉机牵引性能优于大型拖拉机，也优于中型拖拉机。94.6%的拖拉机最小使用比质量＞44 kg/kW、最小使用比质量50～55 kg/kW是发挥拖拉机牵引性能最优区间。不同换挡方式影响拖拉机牵引性能，无级变速传动拖拉机最大牵引力比值更大，动力换挡传动拖拉机最大牵引比油耗更低，二者牵引性能均优于机械传动式拖拉机。
- 轮式拖拉机 /
- 牵引性能 /
- 牵引功率 /
- 动力换挡 /
- OECD规则
Abstract:
Tractor is core of agricultural machinery industry, and tractive performance is one of important performance of tractor．Through research on tractive performance of OECD code test reports, it was shown that, under four-wheel drive and no counterweight conditions, 85.1% of tractors have a maximum traction ratio greater than 400 N/kW, 86.5% of tractors have a maximum traction power percentage greater than 75%, and average maximum traction ratio fuel consumption was 274.59 g/（kW·h）．Heavy tractors have better traction performance than large tractors and also better than medium-sized tractors．94.6% of tractors have a minimum usage specific mass greater than 44 kg/kW, and a minimum usage specific mass of 50 kg/kW to 55 kg/kW was optimal range for maximizing tractor traction performance．Different gear shifting methods affected traction performance of tractors．The maximum traction ratio of continuously variable transmission tractors was greater, and the maximum traction ratio fuel consumption of power shift transmission tractors was lower．Both traction performance was better than mechanical transmission tractors．
- wheeled tractor /
- tractive performance /
- drawbar power /
- power shift transmission /
- OECD code

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图 1 不同标定功率下最大牵引力比值、最大牵引功率百分比

Figure 1. Maximum drawbar pull ratio and maximum drawbar power percentage with rated power

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图 2 不同标定功率下牵引比油耗

Figure 2. Specific fuel consumption with rated power

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图 3 不同标定功率下最小使用比质量

Figure 3. Specific minimum operation mass with rated power

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表 1 OECD规则试验数据统计

Table 1. Statistics of OECD code test data

项目名称	最大值	最小值	平均值	标准差
最小使用质量/kg	24514.00	2595.00	7428.28	4251.95
发动机标定功率/kW	413.93	60.09	135.69	81.96
动力输出轴标定功率/kW	360.32	51.80	118.07	80.29
最大牵引力/kN	242.69	26.53	70.62	44.12
最大牵引功率/kW	410.31	42.80	111.82	78.57
牵引比油耗/ [g·（kW·h）⁻¹]	350.00	233.00	274.59	28.47

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表 2 不同功率类型试验拖拉机牵引性能

Table 2. Tractive performance for different powers of tested tractors

拖拉机类型	功率K/kW	最大牵引力比值均值/（N·kW⁻¹）	最大牵引功率百分比均值/%	牵引比油耗均值/[g·（kW·h）⁻¹]
中型	K＜73.5	518.39	77.76	298.44
大型	73.5≤K＜147.0	517.13	79.45	281.09
重型	K≥147.0	527.96	85.42	249.25

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表 3 不同最小使用比质量牵引性能及得分

Table 3. Tractive performance and scores at different specific minimum operation mass

最小使用比质量范围	最大牵引力比值均值/（N·kW⁻¹）	最大牵引功率百分比均值/%	牵引比油耗均值/[g·（kW·h）⁻¹]	牵引性能得分
比质量＜45	415.01	78.12	264.40	0
45≤比质量＜50	420.11	80.74	265.62	19.50
50≤比质量＜55	490.41	83.38	267.00	46.83
55≤比质量＜60	533.83	80.53	270.06	27.76
60≤比质量＜65	578.35	80.35	282.67	20.99
比质量≥65	665.11	79.75	299.63	12.40

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表 4 不同换挡方式试验拖拉机牵引性能

Table 4. Tractive performance of different gear shifting methods

换挡方式	发动机标定功率均值/kW	最大牵引力比值均值/（N·kW⁻¹）	最大牵引功率百分比均值/%	牵引比油耗均值/[g·（kW·h）⁻¹]
机械式	84.22	454.63	77.97	290.67
动力换挡	127.55	525.21	81.96	265.07
无级变速	178.75	558.56	81.59	274.11

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