China is a major tea producing country, and tea cultivation has characteristics of large area, wide distribution, and complex terrain．Development of tea industry must be achieved through mechanization of tea plantation production．Key aspects of tea production include cultivation and fertilization, plant protection, irrigation, pruning, and picking．Currently, manual shallow tillage and weeding are main methods of cultivation, and micro tillage machines are used in larger tea gardens．Manual sprayers are commonly used for plant protection but physical control methods can be introduced to assist them．Hand or hand-held machines are primarily used for mass tea picking while ride-type tea picking machines are utilized in mechanized gardens on a larger scale．However, famous teas still rely on manual labor for their harvesting process．Therefore, through study of mechanization status of key links such as tea plantation cultivation, plant protection, and tea picking in southern region, problems of mechanization in tea plantation infrastructure construction, operation machinery, and agricultural machinery integration in southern region were analyzed．Based on above problems, ideas for accelerating mechanization process of tea plantation planting were proposed, aiming to provide reference for development of mechanization in tea plantation planting in southern region．

With development of sweet potato industry, mechanization level of sweet potato production is constantly improving, especially in cultivation and land preparation process, which develops the fastest．However, lack of suitable transplanter has made transplanting process a bottleneck in industrial development．Main types of sweet potato transplanter abroad were briefly described, its homework characteristics and scope of application were analyzed．Existing sweet potato transplanting tools and machinery in China were listed, their respective structural characteristics and applicable planting modes were analyzed．Based on current new domestic agricultural techniques for sweet potato planting, current cutting-edge technology in domestic sweet potato mechanical research was analyzed．Meanwhile, suggestions for research focus and development goals of sweet potato transplanter in China were put forward．

Weeding technology and equipment is an essential tool in agricultural production．Investigations on weeding technology and equipment were conducted through various methods such as literature review, telephone interviews, enterprise discussions, and on-site observations．Cost saving and efficiency increasing situation of mechanical weeding, promotion and application status of domestic mechanical weeding equipment, and research and development progress of high-end intelligent weeding equipment were analyzed．Main problems and reasons for application of intelligent weeding equipment in Heilongjiang Province were analyzed, and on this basis, development suggestions and countermeasures were proposed．

With continuous progress of agricultural technology, research of crop picking device has attracted increasing attention．Litchi as a tropical fruit, has relatively crisp fruit and complex crown structure．Traditional manual picking method has problems of low efficiency and high labor intensity．Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an efficient and intelligent litchi picking device for improving picking efficiency and reducing labor burden．Current research status of litchi picking device was summarized and prospects for their development trends were provided．

Acoustic signals emitted by large yellow croaker during various stages of breeding period can generally reflect its physiological and behavioral states．However, acoustic signals collected in actual aquaculture environment are often mixed with a variety of noises, so noise reduction pre-processing is required to be performed on raw signals．An improved wavelet threshold-CEEMDAN noise reduction algorithm was proposed, in which original signal was first decomposed into multiple IMFs, then each IMF was processed using improved wavelet threshold function, and finally processed IMFs were reconstructed．Results showed that SNR of detection system was increased to 14.53 dB and the RMSE was reduced to 0.00196 dB after using noise reduction algorithm proposed．Compared with traditional noise reduction algorithms, improved algorithm has a better noise reduction effect, which was more conducive to analyzing and studying vocal behaviors during breeding period of large yellow croaker．

During non-flowering period in winter, bees can not go out to collect honey and need to be fed artificially．But artificial feeding work efficiency is low, labor intensity is big, needs to go to and fro apiary road to rush about．A set of automatic feeding control system for bees was designed, and four working modes were proposed, which enabled beekeepers to control feeding equipment in HMI, mobile phone and PC, to achieve manual feeding, automatic quantitative timing feeding, pipeline and pump cleaning, reducing labor costs, and clean and sanitary．The system also had function of automatic data storage, intelligent alarm function, after testing, the system ran smoothly．

In process of modern agricultural industry development, use of advanced technology and equipment to build a comprehensive IoT technology application system can not only improve agricultural efficiency and quality, reduce costs and risks, but also drive industry towards systematization and modernization．Binzhou City, Shandong Province is a big agricultural city．In recent years, the internet of things technology has been widely used in agriculture and rural areas, which has effectively promoted upgrading of traditional agriculture．Based on connotation of internet of things technology, application status and existing problems of promoting internet of things technology in Binzhou City were expounded, and targeted solutions in combination with problems were put forward, with a view to promot development of agricultural internet of things and laying foundation for improving agricultural production level of Binzhou City ．

Crop germplasm resource bank is a storage facility for preservation of crop germplasm resources, including low temperature seed bank, in vitro library, ultra-low temperature library, DNA library and so on．Construction of crop germplasm resource bank is highly professional and involves a wide range of professions．Moreover, crop germplasm resource bank needs to operate safely and stably for a long time, and safety and reliability of facilities and equipment are extremely high．Therefore, its design and construction are particularly important．Taking construction of Guangxi crop germplasm resource bank as an example, construction content, parameter design, installation and construction, and advanced nature of crop germplasm resource bank were explained．It focused on parameter design and installation and construction requirements of repository body．Four suggestions were put forward in order to serve as a reference for construction of new crop germplasm resource bank throughout the country．

Two different rootstock materials, pumpkin and gourd, were grafted onto watermelon varieties, and effects of grafting on watermelon fruit quality were studied by comparing grafting and non grafting treatments．Results showed that, different rootstock grafting had significant effects on watermelon yield, plant growth and development, and fruit quality．Grafting pumpkin rootstock could significantly improve yield and fruit quality of watermelon, increase content of lycopene and soluble sugar in the fruit, and improve root development and mineral nutrient absorption of the plant．This study could provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for efficient cultivation of watermelons．

Utilizing data from MODIS remote sensing imagery spanning 2001 to 2023, four indicators of greenness, humidity, heat, and dryness were quantitatively examined．Principal component analysis method was applied to construct remote sensing ecological evaluation index（RSEI）．Quality status and evolution trend of ecological environment in the western plateau of Sichuan Province（referred to as the Western Sichuan Plateau）were explored and interpreted, and in-depth evaluation and analysis of ecological situation in the region was conducted．Results indicated that greenness and humidity had a promoting effect on quality of ecological environment．Overall ecological quality of research area showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing．The RSEI value reached its highest point in 2013 and then showed a slight downward trend, but overall ecological environment quality showed a slight upward trend．The area of significant and slight deterioration of ecological environment from 2001 to 2023 accounted for less than 0.01% of total area, while the area of slight and significant improvement accounted for 56.82%．Overall, ecological environment quality of Western Sichuan Plateau has gradually improved from 2001 to 2023．

To investigate application effect of dihydroporphyrin iron soluble powder on ginger cultivation, 0.01% brassinolide emulsion was used as a control agent, and 0.02% dihydroporphyrin iron soluble powder was selected for field experiments on ginger．Research results indicated that 0.02% dihydroporphyrin iron soluble powder not only promoted some growth traits of ginger, but also increased ginger yield without causing any drug damage, and has good safety．The diluted 5000 times treatment showed the most significant improvement and yield increase in ginger plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, leaf width, and leaf length, with increases of 9.96%, 9.92%, 16.81%, 8.42%, 8.47%, and 14.23%, respectively．It was indicating that 0.02% dihydroporphyrin iron soluble powder could promote ginger growth and increase ginger yield, laying a foundation for its further promotion and application in ginger cultivation．

With improvement of economic level, people are paying more and more attention to health issues．Eating with peace of mind is a major issue related to national economy and people's livelihood．The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs attaches great importance to safety of soil and agricultural products, and has implemented a series of measures to reduce application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides．Microbial fertilizer is an important product to reduce use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides．Concept and classification of microbial fertilizer were described, and research status and development problems of microbial fertilizer at home and abroad were analyzed．It was believed that microbial fertilizers would have great development in the future．

Dominant climatic factors affecting distribution of Zanthoxylum armatum in Hunan Province were explored, its potential suitable distribution areas were simulated, and a reasonable basis for resource investigation, protection, and cultivation of Zanthoxylum armatum was provided．Based on distribution points and environmental factors of Zanthoxylum armatum in Hunan Province, MaxEnt model was used to predict potential changes of Zanthoxylum armatum in suitable areas of Hunan Province in 4 periods under current climate model and 3 future climate change models, and main environmental factors affecting distribution of Zanthoxylum armatum in Hunan Province and their suitable areas were comprehensively analyzed．Results showed that potential suitable area of Zanthoxylum armatum in Hunan Province was mainly distributed in northwest Hunan, with a total suitable area of 103400 km² and a high suitable area of12500 km²．Precipitation and temperature were main environmental factors that affect distribution of Zanthoxylum armatum , and seasonal variation of precipitation an precipitation in the coldest quarter had the greatest influence on distribution of Zanthoxylum armatum．Under three different climate change models, the area of suitable area of Zanthoxylum armatum in Hunan Province decreased under the low emission scenario, and proportion of suitable area remained basically unchanged under medium emission scenario and high emission scenario, while proportion of high emission scenario changed exactly the opposite, in low emission scenario, area of high emission scenario increased, and area of medium emission scenario and high emission scenario decreased．

Cultivation and management techniques of Morchella esculenta was explored, with a focus on analyzing their biological characteristics, ecological needs, and main risk issues faced in cultivation．Environmental changes, climate risks, pest and disease management issues, as well as limitations of technology and innovation in cultivation of Morchella esculenta were analyzed．Optimization strategies for environmental control, soil optimization, and pest and disease management have been proposed, and development trend of high and stable yield cultivation management techniques of Morchella esculenta has been forecasted, aiming to improve yield and quality of of Morchella esculenta while ensuring sustainability of cultivation．

In response to severe loading conditions of hillside tractor chassis, which result in insufficient strength and easy fracture of twisted shell, a finite simulation analysis model was established using Nastran and Hypermesh under three working conditions of bumps, slopes and steering, for verification and calculation．According to simulation analysis results, rationality of shell structure was judged, and strength safety factor was effectively improved by changing structural design of bending waist shell, and strength of bending waist shell was verified by special tests under three harsh conditions, weak parts of shell were physically tested by ultrasonic instruments, and shell has no damage．Test results showed that theoretical design and simulation of bending waist shell were reliable and feasible．

When crawler tractors travel on sloped terrain, the maximum shear stress of soil exerted by tracks serves as basis for powering tractor．The classical Coulomb formula does not take into account practical factors such as soil moisture content, track shear rate, and slope angle, and it cannot be directly applied to mechanical performance analysis of crawler tractors under slope conditions．In response to this issue, direct shear tests were conducted under different soil moisture conditions to obtain a mathematical model of variation of soil shear strength parameters with moisture content．Influence of track shoes on the maximum shear stress of soil under different shear rates and slope angles was investigated using a quadratic orthogonal combination experiment, and the classical Coulomb formula was modified．Verification test showed that under different soil moisture content, shear rate, and slope angle conditions, relative error between the maximum shear stress test value and theoretical value was less than 5%．This indicated that modified Coulomb formula could accurately reflect influence of various factors on the maximum shear stress, and could provide a theoretical basis for driving mechanics calculation and performance analysis of track tractors under slope road conditions．

A fully automatic cleaning machine for inner and outer walls of plant tissue culture bottles had been developed according to requirements of cleaning process for plant tissue culture bottles, in response to current problems of low cleaning efficiency, high labor intensity, and high usage cost in production of factory grown seedlings．Key components had been designed and tested, appropriate operating parameters had been determined．Experiment showed that, when spray and brush cleaning time was 4 times, cleaning time was 3 seconds, and bottle speed was 150 r/min, average cleanliness and breakage rates of cleaning machine were 93.33% and 0.83%, cleaning efficiency was 960 bottles/h．The fully automatic cleaning machine developed could efficiently clean inner and outer walls of plant tissue culture bottles, meeting needs of factory production．

Exploring laws of cracking and propagation of walnut shell under impact force has good guiding significance for breaking through bottleneck of walnut shell breaking and kernel extraction equipment．Using walnuts from Tianmu Mountain area at border of Anhui and Zhejiang provinces as experimental materials, different shapes of punch heads were used to fabricate cracks, and their influence on crack initiation guidance was studied through simulation analysis．Trend and pattern of crack propagation was observed through baking tests．Based on experimental results, a walnut shell breaking machine was designed．Striking hammer head and fruit bowl groove of shell breaking component adopt a groove type structure with seven internal grooves, which enabled walnut to effectively guide cracks under impact force, facilitate separation of shell and kernel, and achieve better shell breaking quality．Prototype has achieved expected effect through testing, and its shell breaking material provided convenience for subsequent heating, vibration processing and other processes．

In order to study mechanical damage caused by drop collisions during harvesting and storage of seed melon, drop collision damage tests were conducted on seed melon to investigate mechanical characteristics and damage effects of different conditions on seed melon drop collisions．Results of single factor experiment showed that maximum acceleration and damage volume gradually increased with drop height from 100 mm to 300 mm．When quality of seed melon increased from 3 kg to 4 kg, maximum acceleration showed a gradually decreasing trend, while damage volume showed a gradually increasing trend．When drop angle increased from 0° to 90°, maximum acceleration and damage volume showed a gradually increasing trend．Results of multi factor response surface test indicated that interaction between drop height and drop angle had a significant impact on maximum acceleration, interaction between drop height and mass, mass and drop angle had no significant effect on maximum acceleration．Interaction between quality and drop angle had a significant impact on damage volume, while interaction between drop height and quality, and drop height and drop angle had no significant impact on damage volume．Regression equation model for maximum acceleration and damage volume of experimental indicators was established based on drop height, mass, and drop angle, and the model was validated．Regression model established has high prediction reliability and could provide theoretical reference and guidance for predicting mechanical damage caused by seed melon collisions and designing low damage mechanical harvesting equipment．

In order to understand current research hotspots and frontier directions in field of cultivated land quality and further deepen relevant research, bibliometrics method was used to analyze research hotspots and trends in this field．VOSviewer and CiteSpace software was used to analyze 1258 valid documents from CNKI and 3730 valid documents in the core collection database of Web of Science．Among them, VOSviewer software was used to draw knowledge map of author cooperation and keyword co-occurrence, and CiteSpace software was used to draw knowledge map of keyword clustering, keyword emergence, keyword timeline, etc．A visual analysis of documents in the field of cultivated land quality from 1992 to 2022 was made in terms of number of documents issued, authors, keywords, etc．Results showed that number of Chinese documents issued increased rapidly from 2007 to 2015, and number of English documents issued increased sharply from 2018 to 2022．The number of English documents issued was higher than that of Chinese documents as a whole．The authors now showed that in Chinese literature database, the authors have formed a research team represented by KONG Xiangbin, WU Kening and MA Youhua．In English, there were research teams represented by HU Chengxiao, LU Jianwei, LI Xiaokun．Keywords relevant atlas showed that domestic research hotspots included cultivated land quality evaluation, land remediation, soil fertility, and cultivated land quality related countermeasures, while foreign research hotspots included soil basic fertility, environmental quality, environmental pollution, and spatial layout．In the field of cultivated land quality in the future, remote sensing would continue to be used to study temporal and spatial changes of cultivated land quality and grade evaluation．On premise of protecting tenvironment, improving productivity of cultivated land, ensuring national food security and reducing human health risks would be focus of future research．

Accurate extraction of land use types is an important way to manage ecological environment of watershed, but there are many classification algorithms with different effects on classified objects, and the Erhai Basin, as a plateau fracture lake, has its unique characteristics, and it is of great significance to carry out research on applicability of classification methods．Based on the Sentinel-2 image data, 34 optimal classification features were selected by innovatively integrating spectral features, geometric structure and texture features, and feature space optimization algorithm was applied to compare and analyze applicability of three classification methods of Support Vector Machine（SVM）, random forest（RF）, and decision tree（DT）in the Erhai Basin as study area．Results showed that, in ranking of feature importance, red edge index（NDREI）showed a more significant advantage over tnormalized vegetation index（NDVI）and ratio vegetation index（RVI）, and ranked first in contribution rate among all features．After optimizing feature space, SVM has the best effect on overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of classification, with an improvement of 3.75 and 5.06 percentage points, and DT has the worst effect, with an improvement of only 1 and 1.17 percentage points．Compared with the other two classification methods, RFF with optimized feature space has the highest overall classification accuracy and Kappa coefficient, reaching 90.63% and 88.87%, and was more in line with distribution of real features in details, such as distinguishing wetlands, water bodies and construction land in fine-grained area of feature distribution．The use of feature space optimization algorithm improved accuracy of classification method, and the RFFs has the strongest applicability to land use classification in Erhai Basin．

In recent years, Yishui County in Shandong Province has achieved good results in soil and water conservation work．However, in order to meet requirements of high-quality development of soil and water conservation, there are still many shortcomings in soil erosion control mode, soil and water conservation supervision and monitoring, science popularization and education, and smart soil and water conservation construction．Through research and systematic analysis, a high-quality development strategy system for soil and water conservation in Yishui County was proposed from aspects of strengthening planning implementation and organizational leadership, enhancing soil and water conservation prevention and protection, scientifically promoting comprehensive management of soil and water loss, and accelerating construction of a basic support system for soil and water conservation．This could provide theoretical reference for high-quality development of soil and water conservation in counties across the country．

The purpose of this study was to evaluate contents of heavy metals in soil and wheat around typical pollution sources and possible risks to human health, so as to provide scientific basis for soil remediation and crop safety．Study area was selected in the northern plain of Henan Province．Main soil type was yellow cinnamon soil, and wheat was main food crop．Research objects were soil and wheat around highways, landfills and key heavy metal enterprises．Plum blossom point method was used to collect 0 to 20 cm soil samples on surface．Soil samples were air-dried, crushed and screened to prepare samples with different particle sizes．Content of heavy metals in soil was analyzed by atomic fluorescence spectrometer and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, and soil pH and cation exchange capacity were determined according to national standard method respectively．Health risk assessment adopted method of EPA, taking into account physical function of adults and minors, and health risk of heavy metals was evaluated through three ways: hand-mouth intake, respiratory intake and skin contact intake．Risk assessment included calculation of non-carcinogenic risk index（HI）and carcinogenic risk index（CR）．Results showed that except As, contents of Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni were higher than soil background values in Henan Province．The non-carcinogenic risk index of adults and children showed that non-carcinogenic risk was within acceptable range, but it should be alert to accumulation of Cd．Carcinogenic risk index showed that carcinogenic risk of soil in study area to adults and children was also within acceptable range．Content of heavy metals in soil of study area was higher than background value as a whole, and some sites had safety risks, which need to be paid attention．Although current non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks faced by adults and children were within acceptable range, preventive measures were recommended．

As a major agricultural county in Liaoning Province, Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County is prone to drought, especially in spring, because of climate type and geographical location．In order to better serve refinement of agriculture, by measuring hydrological characteristics（constants）of field soil and referring to standard "Definition and Grading of Meteorological Drought" in Fuxin City, theoretical lower limit of precipitation required to relieve drought conditions at each level（10 to 20, 10 to 50 cm）, theoretical lower limit of precipitation required to relieve wilting drought conditions for experimental crops（corn, soybeans）at each level, and relative humidity representation of meteorological drought standards for experimental area and two comparative experimental areas, were calculated．Results indicated that amount of water needed to relieve withering drought varied depending on crop species and varieties．Experiment provided a scientific basis for research on drought resistance of field crops in Fuxin County．

In order to deeply implement "three educations" reform of vocational education, improve quality of talent cultivation, and promote high-quality development of vocational education, under background of teaching ability competition of the National Vocational College Skills Competition, taking plant factory environmental regulation project in the Facility Agriculture Environmental Monitoring Technology course as an example, teaching design and practical effects were introduced from four aspects: overall teaching design, teaching implementation process, student learning outcomes, and reflective improvement measures．Implementation of this teaching reform could effectively improve quality of talent cultivation in facility agriculture and equipment majors．

Moral education cultivates people, ideological and political education takes precedence．Carrying out ideological and political education in curriculum is an important task for full-time teachers．Importance and necessity of integrating ideological and political education into teaching of Three-Dimensional Mechanical Design course was analyzed from aspects of improving students' ideological and moral qualities, cultivating their innovative and practical abilities．Through application of design projects, innovative design competitions, and practical courses, practical cases of introducing ideological and political education into teaching of Three-Dimensional Mechanical Design course were listed．Several suggestions have been provided for teaching methods and strategies in process of ideological and political education, including teacher guidance and student autonomy, combination of theory and practice, teamwork, and communication and sharing．It was hoped to explore practice and understanding of ideological and political education in teaching of Three-Dimensional Mechanical Design course, and provide guidance and support for construction of ideological and political education in related subject teaching．

Tongchuan City in Shaanxi Province is one of the best places to grow cherries．Cherry industry has effectively made contributions to local rural revitalization and poverty alleviation．Current situation of cherry industry in Tongchuan City was explained．Based on this, suggestions were proposed, such as expanding industrial scale, promoting standardized production, optimizing planting varieties, vigorously developing agricultural facilities, establishing efficient demonstration bases, cultivating new market entities, and building industrialization platforms, which aim to provide reference for development of cherry industry in Tongchuan City．

In recent years, with deepening of supply side structural reform, wheat demand has shifted from quantity based to quality based．Improvement of wheat seeds can significantly enhance production quality．Using seeds as a starting point, based on panel data of various indicators from 14 major wheat producing areas from 2005 to 2020, a transcendental logarithmic cost function model was adopted to calculate demand price elasticity and substitution elasticity of wheat seed factors, and analyze differences among major wheat producing areas．