Research progress and prospect of non-metallic foreign body detection in staple foods and dishes

Food safety has been a global concern, with detecting non-metallic foreign bodies in staple foods and dishes is a crucial challenge in food safety．Non-metallic foreign bodies such as plastics, glass, and wood chips are widely present in production, processing, and transportation, making it difficult for traditional metal detectors to detect．Sources and characteristics of non-metallic foreign bodies in staple foods and dishes were systematically reviewed．Principles, applications status, advantages and limitations of mainstream detection techniques such as optical detection, X-ray detection, near-infrared spectroscopy, ultrasonic detection, and artificial intelligence were analyzed．Additionally, in view of limitations of current detection techniques, future development directions of intelligent automation detection, multi-technology integration, real-time monitoring, and traceability systems were discussed, which provided technical insights for enhancing food safety assurance．