Design and experiment of wheat precision seeding system based on multi-sensor fusion and closed-loop control

In response to problems of low seeding accuracy and poor environmental adaptability in traditional wheat seeding operations, an automated wheat precision seeding control system was designed based on a multi-sensor fusion and closed-loop control．By integrating millimeter wave radar, GNSS positioning, and machine vision sensors, combined with PID control algorithm and an air-suction seeding mechanism, high-precision control of seeding depth and plant spacing was achieved．Experimental results showed that at high-speed operation of 8 km/h, system's unit area time consumption was reduced by 33.33% compared to traditional methods．Performance advantages of depth deviation ≤0.6 cm and plant row spacing variation coefficient ≤12% were maintained under complex working conditions such as high humidity and straw coverage, which improved seeding uniformity and operating efficiency．