Remote sensing-based assessment of ecological and environmental restoration in mining area of Shuangqiao Town of Tangshan City

To advance abandoned mine restoration technologies development and enable a scientific assessment of mine remediation effectiveness, taken mining area in Shuangqiao Town, Kaiping District, Tangshan City as a case study．An integrated mine remediation approach combining engineering interventions with long-term maintenance was employed to carry out ecological and environmental restoration．High-resolution satellite remote sensing data from 2019 to 2024 were utilized to calculate normalized difference vegetation index（NDVI）．Complemented by UAV remote sensing data, a comprehensive assessment was conducted of vegetation coverage and ecological restoration in typical mining areas before and after remediation．Results demonstrated that UAV remote sensing imagery comparisons showed substantia improvements in surface coverage at exposed mining sites within the mining area, with significant improvement in vegetation coverage．Comparisons of true-color remote sensing imagery from key remediation areas revealed that reduction in bare ground area reached 87%, and that after 2020, restored vegetation areas expanded outward from the restoration sites．All six representative areas exhibited a significant annual increase in NDVI values．Among them, Xiaoliangshan areas 1 and 2 showed the greatest difference before and after remediation, with NDVI values nearly doubling, while NDVI values in other areas approximately doubled．In terms of assessment results, vegetation restoration effectiveness rating for representative ateas were predominantly "excellent"．A comprehensive analysis indicated that integrated remediation technologies application has yielded significant results and achieved favorable ecological benefits．