Abstract: Mechanization is an important symbol of promoting agricultural productivity．Dynamic changes of agricultural mechanization in Shanxi Province was analyzed and main factors restricting its balanced development were excavated．It is of great significance to accurately formulate development strategy of agricultural mechanization in Shanxi Province．Based on comparative analysis of development trend of agricultural mechanization level in Shanxi Province from 2004 to 2019, according to characteristics and current situation of agricultural mechanization development in Shanxi Province, two principal components affecting agricultural mechanization level in Shanxi Province were extracted by using principal component analysis method, and a multivariate linear regression model was established．Results showed that, in addition to negative correlation between number of agricultural machinery households at the end of the year and number of rural agricultural machinery employees, electromechanical irrigation area, machine seeding area, per capita agricultural production value, mechanical plant protection area, machine harvesting area, machine farming area, number of large and medium-sized tractors, per capita disposable income of rural residents, and number of water-saving irrigation machinery were all positively correlated with level of agricultural mechanization, it has a significant role in promoting development of agricultural mechanization in Shanxi Province．Therefore, to improve total power of agricultural machinery, promote use of large and medium-sized agricultural machinery and rational matching of agricultural machinery, and at the same time ensure substantial increase of agricultural production value and per capita disposable income of rural residents are important measures to improve level of agricultural mechanization in Shanxi Province．