Development Status and Prospect of Potato Mechanized Harvest in Hilly and Mountainous Areas
-
摘要:
近年来，我国丘陵山区马铃薯种植面积越来越大，产量有所提升，但马铃薯收获机械化率却远低于全国平均水平，而收获是马铃薯全程机械化中用工量最大的环节，造成了马铃薯生产过程人工成本逐渐提高，种植户效益下降。分析了目前我国丘陵山区马铃薯收获技术概况及制约丘陵山区马铃薯机械化发展瓶颈问题，提出了丘陵山区马铃薯机械化收获技术的发展对策和展望，为从事丘陵山区马铃薯机械化收获技术研究人员提供参考。
Abstract:In recent years, potato planting area in hilly and mountainous areas has been increasing and yield has been improved, but mechanization rate of potato harvest is far lower than national average level, and harvest is the largest link of labor in potato mechanization, resulting in gradual increase of labor cost in potato production process and decrease of farmers' benefits．General situation of potato harvesting technology in hilly and mountainous areas and bottleneck problems restricting development of potato mechanization in hilly and mountainous areas were analyzed, and development countermeasures and prospects of potato mechanization harvesting technology in hilly and mountainous areas were put forward, which could provide reference for researchers engaged in potato mechanization harvesting technology in hilly and mountainous areas．
-
Keywords:
- hills and mountains /
- potato /
- harvesting technology /
- mechanized harvest /
- light type harvest
-
图 1 丘陵山区马铃薯人工收获现场
Figure 1. Potato artificial harvest site in hilly and mountainous areas
表 1 4大作区特点、种植面积和总产占比
Table 1. Four major regional characteristics，plantingarea and total production proportion
产区 特点 面积占比/% 北方一作区 地势平坦、地块大，全程机械化水平较高 37 中原二作区 地理跨度大，地块大小不等，机械化水平较低，需要中小型机械为主 7 西南一二季
混作区山区居多，大部分小块地，部分较大坝区机械化水平低，小型为主 53 南方冬作区 多数冬闲稻田，地块小而平，土壤黏重，机械化水平较低，小型机械为主 3 注：数据来源于国家马铃薯产业体系研究成果。 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 马铃薯关键收获部件分类及特点
Table 2. Classification and characteristics of key harvest components of potato
名称 类型 特点 挖掘部件 固定式挖掘铲 基本设计是围绕铲形参数进行，主要有三角形平铲、条形平铲、带延伸栅条的组合式平铲和槽形铲等 振动式挖掘铲 驱动式挖掘部件的主要应用形式，具有碎土能力强，可降低输送分离部件速度，能够减少机具的平均牵引阻力，但存在切薯情况 组合式挖掘铲 由两种或两种以上不同类型的挖掘部件按不同配置形式组成，适合较黏重、潮湿和多草的场合下工作 分离部件 杆条式升运器 研究理论多，技术成熟，具有较强的分离能力，但薯块容易受损且金属用量大，金属链磨损较快 摆动分离筛式 振动与摆动相结合，结构简单，装配方便，机械损伤较明显，多应用于分段式收获 拨动式分离 一般依靠拨动式辊组转动，有效减少了分离长度，薯土分离效果好，但对整体设计要求高，结构复杂，不易维修 旋转式分离 主要由可转动的圆形分离装置自身旋转使得薯土混合物碰撞破碎进而分离，但结构复杂，薯秧和地膜等杂物不易分离
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 王琪琪.中国将启动土豆主粮化战略土豆或成第四主粮[J].新农村(黑龙江),2015(4): 21 - 23 . [2] 柳国光,王涛,姚爱萍,等.浙江省马铃薯机械化收获关键技术探讨[J].中国农机化学报,2019,40(8): 48 - 52 .LIU Guoguang,WANG Tao,YAO Aiping,et al.Discussion on key technologies of potato mechanized harvesting in Zhejiang Province[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2019,40(8): 48 - 52 . [3] 徐宁,张洪亮,张荣华,等.中国马铃薯种植业现状与展望[J].中国马铃薯,2021,35(1): 81 - 96 .XU Ning,ZHANG Hongliang,ZHANG Ronghua,et al.Current situation and prospect of potato planting in China[J].Chinese Potato Journal,2021,35(1): 81 - 96 . [4] 刘崇林,胡军,赵胜雪,等.马铃薯收获机具研究进展[J].中国农机化学报,2019,40(4): 31 - 35,124 .LIU Chonglin,HU Jun,ZHAO Shengxue,et al.Research progress on potato harvesting equipments[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2019,40(4): 31 - 35,124 . [5] 谢从华.马铃薯产业的现状与发展[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2012(1): 1 - 4 .XIE Conghua.Potato industry:status and development[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition),2012(1): 1 - 4 . [6] 联合国粮农组织数据库[EB/OL].https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL. [7] 魏忠彩,王兴欢,李学强,等.履带自走式分拣型马铃薯收获机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2023,54(2): 95 - 106 .WEI Zhongcai,WANG Xinghuan,LI Xueqiang,et al.Design and experiment of crawler self-propelled sorting type potato harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(2): 95 - 106 . [8] 赵庆亮.国内外马铃薯收获机械研究现状及发展展望[J].农业工程,2020,10(6): 7 - 10 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1795.2020.06.003ZHAO Qingliang.Research status and development prospect of potato harvesting machinery at home and abroad[J].Agricultural Engineering,2020,10(6): 7 - 10 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1795.2020.06.003 [9] 杨雅伦,郭燕枝,孙君茂.我国马铃薯产业发展现状及未来展望[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(1): 29 - 36 .YANG Yalun,GUO Yanzhi,SUN Junmao.Present status and future prospect for potato industry in China[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2017,19(1): 29 - 36 . [10] 徐锦大,王涛,吴列洪,等.丘陵山区薯类生产装备有效供给的现状与对策[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(5): 129 - 134 .XU Jinda,WANG Tao,WU Liehong,et al.Present situation and countermeasures about effective supply of potato production equipment in hilly and mountainous areas[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2017,38(5): 129 - 134 . [11] 敖方源,秦大春,周兵,等.重庆市丘陵山区宜机化地块整理整治实践[J].农业工程,2017,7(4): 122 - 124,132 .AO Fangyuan,QIN Dachun,ZHOU Bing,et al.Application of land consolidation suitable for mechanization in hilly and mountainous areas of Chongqing City[J].Agricultural Engineering,2017,7(4): 122 - 124,132 . [12] 窦青青,孙永佳,孙宜田,等.国内外马铃薯收获机械现状与发展[J].中国农机化学报,2019,40(9): 206 - 210 .DOU Qingqing,SUN Yongjia,SUN Yitian,et al.Current situation and development of potato harvesting machinery at home and abroad[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2019,40(9): 206 - 210 . [13] 员贝贝,瞿江飞,郑红斌,等.西北旱区马铃薯压缩力学特性研究[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(11): 57 - 62 .YUN Beibei,QU Jiangfei,ZHENG Hongbin,et al.Study on the compressive mechanical properties of potato in arid areas in Northwest China[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2017,38(11): 57 - 62 . [14] 单爱军,刘俊杰,崔冰冰.马铃薯收获机现状与发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2006(4): 19 - 20 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-188X.2006.04.008SHAN Aijun,LIU Junjie,CUI Bingbing.The present situation of potato harvester and its development trends[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2006(4): 19 - 20 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-188X.2006.04.008 [15] 李震,常清,刘继柱,等.国内外马铃薯收获机械发展现状及趋势[J].现代制造技术与装备,2020,56(9): 207 - 208 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5587.2020.09.095LI Zhen,CHANG Qing,LIU Jizhu,et al.Development status and trend of domestic and overseas potato harvesters[J].Modern Manufacturing Technology and Equipment,2020,56(9): 207 - 208 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5587.2020.09.095 [16] 杨红光,胡志超,王冰,等.马铃薯收获机械化技术研究进展[J].中国农机化学报,2019,40(11): 27 - 34 .YANG Hongguang,HU Zhichao,WANG Bing,et al.Research progress of harvesting mechanization technology of potato[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2019,40(11): 27 - 34 . [17] 吕金庆,温信宇,杨晓涵.马铃薯挖掘机挖掘铲的现状及展望[C]//2020中国马铃薯大会论文集,2020:491-496. [18] 刘潇,何彬涛,段爱国,等.振动式马铃薯挖掘装置关键部件设计[J].中国农机化学报,2020,41(3): 6 - 12 .LIU Xiao,HE Bintao,DUAN Aiguo,et al.Design of key components of vibrating potato excavator[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2020,41(3): 6 - 12 . [19] 李聿尧,杨红光,王冰,等.马铃薯联合收获薯土分离技术与装置研究[J].中国农机化学报,2022,43(10):42-50.LI Yuyao,YANG Hongguang,WANG Bing,et al.Study on technology and device of potato and soil separation in potato combined harvest[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization 2022,43(10):42-50. [20] 桑永英,张东兴,张梅梅.马铃薯碰撞损伤试验研究及有限元分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2008(1): 81 - 84 . doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1007-4333.2008.01.017SANG Yongying,ZHANG Dongxing,ZHANG Meimei.Study on bruising damage experiment of potato and finite element analysis[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2008(1): 81 - 84 . doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1007-4333.2008.01.017 [21] 王万虎.基于离散元的马铃薯捡拾装置试验研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.WANG Wanhu.Potato collecting device experimental study based on dscrete element[D].Yangling:Northwest A & F University,2017. [22] 郭世鲁,王卫兵,陈绍杰,等.小型马铃薯收获机薯机碰撞有限元分析[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(5): 14 - 17 .GUO Shilu,WANG Weibing,CHEN Shaojie,et al.Finite element analysis for crash safety of the potato and mechanism of small potato harvester working[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(5): 14 - 17 . [23] 吕金庆,杨晓涵,吕伊宁,等.马铃薯挖掘机升运分离过程块茎损伤机理分析与试验[J].农业机械学报,2020,51(1): 103 - 113 . doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.01.011LV Jinqing,YANG Xiaohan,LV Yining,et al.Analysis and experiment of potato damage in process of lifting and separating potato excavator[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(1): 103 - 113 . doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.01.011 [24] 冯斌,孙伟,石林榕,等.收获期马铃薯块茎碰撞恢复系数测定与影响因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(13): 50 - 57 . doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.007FENG Bin,SUN Wei,SHI Linrong,et al.Determination of restitution coefficient of potato tubers collision in harvest and analysis of its influence factors[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(13): 50 - 57 . doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.007 [25] 王海翼,张兆国,IBRAHIM Issa,等.丘陵山区小型马铃薯收获机设计与试验[J].浙江农业学报,2021,33(4): 724 - 738 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.04.18WANG Haiyi,ZHANG Zhaoguo,IBRAHIM Issa,et al.Design and experiment of small-sized potato harvester suitable for hilly and mountainous areas[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2021,33(4): 724 - 738 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.04.18 [26] 石林榕,孙伟,王蒂,等.马铃薯仿生挖掘铲片的设计与仿真[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(1):268-272.SHI Linrong,SUN Wei,WANG Di,et al.Design and simulation research on the potato bionic digging shovel[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2014,32(1):268-272. [27] 李晓鹏.马铃薯耦合仿生挖掘及其减阻研究[D].成都:西华大学,2018.LI Xiaopeng.Research on potato coupled-bionic digging and its drag reduction[D].Chengdu:Xihua University,2018. [28] 赵萍,赵吉喆,樊昱,等.马铃薯仿生挖掘铲的设计与有限元静力学分析[J].中国科技论文,2017,12(22): 2543 - 2548 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2783.2017.22.005ZHAO Ping,ZHAO Jizhe,FAN Yu,et al.Design and finite element stress analysis on the potato bionic digging shovel[J].China Sciencepaper,2017,12(22): 2543 - 2548 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2783.2017.22.005 [29] 崔刚,马云海,杨德秋,等.马铃薯挖掘铲仿生减阻技术研究概况[J].农业工程,2019,9(9): 19 - 22 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1795.2019.09.006CUI Gang,MA Yunhai,YANG Deqiu,et al.Research situation of bionic resistance reducing technology about potato digging shovel[J].Agricultural Engineering,2019,9(9): 19 - 22 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1795.2019.09.006 [30] 吕金庆,孙贺,兑瀚,等.粘重土壤下马铃薯挖掘机分离输送装置改进设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(11): 146 - 155 . doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.11.018LV Jinqing,SUN He,DUI Han,et al.Design and experiment on conveyor separation device of potato digger under heavy soil condition[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(11): 146 - 155 . doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.11.018 [31] 杨然兵,田光博,尚书旗,等.马铃薯收获机辊组式薯土分离装置设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2023,54(2): 107 - 118 .YANG Ranbin,TIAN Guangbo,SHANG Shuqi,et al.Design and experiment of roller group type potato soil separator for potato harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(2): 107 - 118 . [32] 魏忠彩,李洪文,苏国粱,等.缓冲筛式薯杂分离马铃薯收获机研制[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(8): 1 - 11 . doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.001WEI Zhongcai,LI Hongwen,SU Guoliang,et al.Development of potato harvester with buffer type potato-impurity separation sieve[J].[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2019,35(8): 1 - 11 . doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.001 [33] 王相友,吕丹阳,任加意,等.装袋型马铃薯联合收获机清选装置研制[J].农业工程学报,2022,38(S1): 8 - 17 .WANG Xiangyou,LV Danyang,REN Jiayi,et al.Design and parameter optimization of the cleaning device for a bagged potato combine harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2022,38(S1): 8 - 17 . [34] 吕金庆,王鹏榕,刘志峰,等.马铃薯收获机薯秧分离装置设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2019,50(6): 100 - 109 .LV Jinqing,WANG Pengrong,LIU Zhifeng,et al.Design and experiment of potato harvester potato stem separation equipment[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(6): 100 - 109 . [35] 刘嘉程,魏梦阳,康宏彬,等.基于滚筒式分离的马铃薯收获机设计与试验[J].农机化研究,2021,43(5): 96 - 103 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-188X.2021.05.017LIU Jiacheng,WEI Mengyang,KANG Hongbin,et al.Design and experiment of drum type potato harvester separation device[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2021,43(5): 96 - 103 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-188X.2021.05.017 [36] 刘伟,谢守勇,李明生,等.西南丘陵山区马铃薯全程机械化生产现状及存在的问题[J].农业工程,2022,12(5): 10 - 13 .LIU Wei,XIE Shouyong,LI Mingsheng,et al.Current situation and existing problems of potato mechanization production in hilly and mountainous regions of southwest China[J].Agricultural Engineering,2022,12(5): 10 - 13 . [37] 邢欢欢.基于离散单元法的机械式挖掘机工作阻力模拟[D].沈阳:东北大学,2014.XING Huanhuan.The simulation of the mechanical excavatorworking resistance based on discrete element method[D].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2014. [38] 信桂新.山地丘陵区土地资源流动与整合机制研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2016.XIN Guixin.Mechanism research on mobility and integration of land resource in mountain and hilly areas[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2016. [39] 柳国光,王涛,程林润,等.马铃薯收获农机农艺融合试验[J].农业工程,2021,11(6): 28 - 33 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1795.2021.06.007LIU Guoguang,WANG Tao,CHENG Linrun,et al.Experiment on integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy for potato harvest[J].Agricultural Engineering,2021,11(6): 28 - 33 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1795.2021.06.007 -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(9) / 表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 70
- HTML全文浏览量: 9
- PDF下载量: 19
- 被引次数: 0
京公网安备 11010502037498号
