Abstract: It is crucial to seek suitable systematic management methods for problems of mountains rivers forest farmlands lakes and grasslands in different regions．The most widely used theories and methods of systematic management of mountains rivers forest farmlands lakes and grasslands at home and abroad mainly include nature-based solutions（NbS）, rewilding, landscape ecology, ecological security patterns and ecosystem services, etc．However, at present, interconnection and difference of these theories and methods are still unclear．A systematic review and comparison of five theories and methods for management of mountains rivers forest farmlands lakes and grasslands systems were conducted from perspectives of definition and development, guidelines, implementation methods, and typical cases．Results showed that five theories and methods applied resilience and adaptability of ecosystems, and through natural restoration and human intervention, restore degraded or damaged ecosystems to a stable, healthy, and sustainable development state．However, they differed in degree of human intervention, scope of application, degree of close relationship with humans, and agricultural application．Characteristics, applicability, and limitations of different theories and methods for management of mountains rivers forest farmlands lakes and grasslands were recognized, and combining them with characteristics and problems of governance area, targeted governance methods were selected to provide reference for theory and practice of management of mountains rivers forest farmlands lakes and grasslands．