Abstract: Based on impact of input indicators that could fully consider grain production process on total factor production efficiency, the SBM model, which included non expected output scale returns, was used to calculate total factor production efficiency of wheat in Shandong Province from 2000 to 2020．A Tobit fixed effects model was established to analyze factors affecting wheat production．Results indicated that impact of mechanical factors on total factor productivity of wheat in Shandong Province was not significant in terms of wheat yield; total factor productivity of major wheat producing cities in Shandong Province was significantly higher than that of non major producing cities, mainly reflected in technical efficiency; direction and trend of technical efficiency and scale efficiency index of wheat in Shandong Province were highly similar．Based on research findings, relevant suggestions were proposed to improve business scale, enhance human capital level, promote technological content of machinery and equipment, develop high-efficiency agricultural machinery, reduce losses, and allocate resources to meet prospects and needs of local regional development, in order to improve total factor productivity of wheat in Shandong Province．