中国农业机械化科学研究院集团有限公司 主管

北京卓众出版有限公司 主办

钵体苗不同穴距机插对华南优质籼稻产量的影响

Effect of machine transplanting of potting seedlings with different hole spacing on yield of high-quality indica rice in South China

    摘要
  • 摘要: 钵体苗机插能缩短水稻缓苗时间，促进早生快发，提高群体光合能力，增加生物量和稻谷产量。然而，钵体苗不同穴距机插对华南优质籼稻群体指标和稻谷产量的研究鲜有报道。以华南地区种植面积较广的杂交籼稻品种泰丰优208和常规籼稻品种南晶香占为材料，设置4种穴距处理（A1处理穴距12.4 cm、A2处理穴距14.5 cm、A3处理穴距17.9 cm和A4处理穴距20.7 cm），研究钵体苗不同栽插穴距处理对分蘖数、叶面积指数、光合势、生物量和产量等指标的影响。结果显示，随穴距的缩小，分蘖数、叶面积指数、光合势和生物量都呈现逐渐增加的趋势，与农户传统穴距17.9 cm（A3处理）相比，A1处理在分蘖中期、幼穗分化始期和抽穗期的分蘖数分别增加36.2%～38.7%、37.3%～42.4%和21.5%～36.9%；叶面积指数分别增加30.8%～55.9%、16.4%～41.0%和37.7%～53.1%；生物量分别增加32.0%～38.6%、20.1%～34.2%和37.1%～59.0%。分蘖中期到幼穗分化始期和幼穗分化始期到抽穗期的光合势分别增加17.9%～49.2%和28.1%～49.2%。稻谷产量与抽穗期分蘖数、幼穗分化始期叶面积指数和生物量、分蘖中期至幼穗分化始期光合势、成熟期生物量和有效穗数均呈显著正相关。上述结果表明，在华南双季稻区，钵体苗机插适当增加栽插密度能提高水稻前期分蘖数、叶面积指数、光合势和生物量，保持后期群体指标优势，从而增加稻谷产量。

     

    Abstract: Rice potting seedling transplanting reduces root damage and recovering period of rice seedling, so it can promote rice growth, improve photosynthetic capacity of rice and increase rice biomass and grain yield．However, research of hole spacing setting of rice potting seedling transplanting on grain yield and population indicators of high-quality rice has rarely been reported in South China．Using hybrid indica rice variety Taifengyou 208 and conventional indica rice variety Nanjingxiangzhan, which have a wide planting area in Southern China, as materials, four hole spacing treatments（A1 treatment hole spacing 12.4 cm, A2 treatment hole spacing 14.5 cm, A3 treatment hole spacing 17.9 cm, and A4 treatment hole spacing 20.7 cm）were set up to study effects of different planting hole spacing treatments on tiller number, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, material production, and yield of bowl seedlings．Results showed that tiller number, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential and biomass increased with reduction of hole spacing．Compared with traditional hole spacing of 17.9 cm for farmers（A3 treatment）, the 12.4 cm of hole spacing treatment（A1 treatment）increased tiller number by 36.2% to 38.7%、37.3% to 42.4% and 21.5% to 36.9%, leaf area index by 30.8% to 55.9%、16.4% to 41.0% and 37.7% to 53.1%, and biomass by 32.0% to 38.6%、20.1% to 34.2% and 37.1% to 59.0% at middle tillering, beginning of panicle initiation, and heading stages, respectively．Photosynthetic potential increased by 17.9% to 49.2% and 28.1% to 49.2% from mid tillering stage to beginning of panicle differentiation and from beginning of panicle differentiation to heading stage, respectively．Correlation analysis revealed that rice yield was significantly positively correlated with tiller number at heading stage, leaf area index and biomass at beginning of panicle differentiation, photosynthetic potential from mid tillering stage to beginning of panicle differentiation, biomass at maturity stage, and effective panicle number．In conclusion, in the double-season rice system of South China, an appropriate increase in planting density of potting seedling transplanting increased tiller number, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential and biomass in early stage of rice, and maintain advantages of population indexes in late stage of rice, thus increasing rice yield．

     

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