Abstract: Two different rootstock materials, pumpkin and gourd, were grafted onto watermelon varieties, and effects of grafting on watermelon fruit quality were studied by comparing grafting and non grafting treatments．Results showed that, different rootstock grafting had significant effects on watermelon yield, plant growth and development, and fruit quality．Grafting pumpkin rootstock could significantly improve yield and fruit quality of watermelon, increase content of lycopene and soluble sugar in the fruit, and improve root development and mineral nutrient absorption of the plant．This study could provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for efficient cultivation of watermelons．