Abstract: With improvement of economic level, people are paying more and more attention to health issues．Eating with peace of mind is a major issue related to national economy and people's livelihood．The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs attaches great importance to safety of soil and agricultural products, and has implemented a series of measures to reduce application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides．Microbial fertilizer is an important product to reduce use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides．Concept and classification of microbial fertilizer were described, and research status and development problems of microbial fertilizer at home and abroad were analyzed．It was believed that microbial fertilizers would have great development in the future．