Abstract: In order to study mechanical damage caused by drop collisions during harvesting and storage of seed melon, drop collision damage tests were conducted on seed melon to investigate mechanical characteristics and damage effects of different conditions on seed melon drop collisions．Results of single factor experiment showed that maximum acceleration and damage volume gradually increased with drop height from 100 mm to 300 mm．When quality of seed melon increased from 3 kg to 4 kg, maximum acceleration showed a gradually decreasing trend, while damage volume showed a gradually increasing trend．When drop angle increased from 0° to 90°, maximum acceleration and damage volume showed a gradually increasing trend．Results of multi factor response surface test indicated that interaction between drop height and drop angle had a significant impact on maximum acceleration, interaction between drop height and mass, mass and drop angle had no significant effect on maximum acceleration．Interaction between quality and drop angle had a significant impact on damage volume, while interaction between drop height and quality, and drop height and drop angle had no significant impact on damage volume．Regression equation model for maximum acceleration and damage volume of experimental indicators was established based on drop height, mass, and drop angle, and the model was validated．Regression model established has high prediction reliability and could provide theoretical reference and guidance for predicting mechanical damage caused by seed melon collisions and designing low damage mechanical harvesting equipment．