Abstract: Apple is one of important economic fruit trees in our country and dominant industry in Luochuan County, Shaanxi Province．In recent years, with intensifying market competition, traditional apple cultivation mode has made it difficult to meet consumers' demand for apple quality and variety．Taking Luochuan County as an example, differences in cost structure, output structure, cost and benefit of apple production under dawarf rootstock dense planting mode and vigorous rootstock cultivation mode were studied utililzing a questionnaire survey and empirical research, as provided theoretical and empirical basis for fruit farmers to choose cultivation mode．Concept and characteristics of apple cultivation mode have been introduced, current situation and problems of apple production in Luochuan County were analyzed, indicators of apple production between two cultivation modes were compared, and it was found that cultivation mode of dawarf rootstock dense planting had obvious advantages of relative economic benefits．