中国农业机械化科学研究院集团有限公司 主管

北京卓众出版有限公司 主办

宜机收芝麻新品种及配套生产技术引进与示范

Introduction and demonstration of suitable mechanized harvesting and supporting production technology for new sesame varieties

  • 摘要: 为加快芝麻全程机械化生产技术在黄淮芝麻生态区推广应用,引进3个宜机收芝麻新品种:豫芝ND837、豫芝NS610和豫芝619,集成配套高效生产技术,2022和2023年在周口市进行示范种植,在示范田测定品种的农艺性状、光合特性和茎秆强度。结果表明,豫芝619和豫芝NS610田间表现节间短、抗落粒,豫芝ND837田间表现节间短、抗裂蒴;盛花期品种之间净光合速率、蒸腾速率、细胞间隙CO2浓度和气孔导度均没有显著差异,豫芝NS610叶绿素含量显著高于豫芝11号(对照组,CK),豫芝NS610和豫芝ND837水分利用效率显著高于豫芝619和豫芝11号;盛花期宜机收品种之间茎秆强度没有显著性差异;与豫芝11号相比,豫芝619、豫芝NS610和豫芝ND837分别增产1005.45、464.55 和459.45 kg/hm2,增产率分别为51.95%、24.00%和21.13%;示范区与常规管理区相比,配套高效生产技术后豫芝619、豫芝ND837分别增产429.60和386.91 kg/hm2,增产率分别为27.43%和23.71%;示范区平均节本增效10680元/hm2。综上所述,宜机收芝麻新品种及配套高效栽培技术实现芝麻全程机械化种植,可提高生产效率,降低生产成本,增加效益,建议在黄淮芝麻产区大力推广应用。

     

    Abstract: To accelerate promotion and application of whole mechanized production technology of sesame in Huanghuai sesame ecological zone, three suitable mechanized harvesting new sesame varieties, Yuzhi ND837, Yuzhi NS610, and Yuzhi 619 were introduced, and integrated and matched with high efficient production technology.Demonstration planting was conducted in Zhoukou City in 2022 and 2023, and agronomic traits, photosynthetic characteristics, and stem strength of varieties were measured in demonstration fields.Results showed that Yuzhi 619 and Yuzhi NS610 exhibited short internodes and non-shatteringness‌, while Yuzhi ND837 exhibited short internodes and capsule dehiscence resistance.No significant differences in net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, and stomatal conductance among varieties during blooming stage.Chlorophyll content of Yuzhi NS610 was significantly higher than Yuzhi NO.11(control group, CK), and water use efficiency of Yuzhi NS610 and Yuzhi ND837 was significantly higher than Yuzhi 619 and Yuzhi NO.11.No significant difference in stem strength between suitable mechanized harvesting sesame varieties during blooming stage.Compared with Yuzhi NO.11, Yuzhi 619, Yuzhi NS610, and Yuzhi ND837 increased yield by 1005.45, 464.55, and 459.45 kg/hm2, respectively, with yield increase rates of 51.95%, 24.00%, and 21.13%.Compared with conventional management area, supporting and high efficient production technology demonstration zone of Yuzhi 619 and Yuzhi ND837 increased yield by 429.60 and 386.91 kg/hm2, with yield increase rate of 27.43% and 23.71%.Average cost saving and efficiency of demonstration zone was 10680 yuan/hm2.In summary, new sesame variety of suitable machanized harvesting and high efficient supporting cultivation technology have achieved full mechanization of sesame cultivation, improved production efficiency, reduced production costs, and increased benefits.It is recommended to vigorously promote and apply it in Huanghuai sesame production area.

     

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