Abstract:
To accelerate promotion and application of whole mechanized production technology of sesame in Huanghuai sesame ecological zone, three suitable mechanized harvesting new sesame varieties, Yuzhi ND837, Yuzhi NS610, and Yuzhi 619 were introduced, and integrated and matched with high efficient production technology.Demonstration planting was conducted in Zhoukou City in 2022 and 2023, and agronomic traits, photosynthetic characteristics, and stem strength of varieties were measured in demonstration fields.Results showed that Yuzhi 619 and Yuzhi NS610 exhibited short internodes and non-shatteringness, while Yuzhi ND837 exhibited short internodes and capsule dehiscence resistance.No significant differences in net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO
2 concentration, and stomatal conductance among varieties during blooming stage.Chlorophyll content of Yuzhi NS610 was significantly higher than Yuzhi NO.11(control group, CK), and water use efficiency of Yuzhi NS610 and Yuzhi ND837 was significantly higher than Yuzhi 619 and Yuzhi NO.11.No significant difference in stem strength between suitable mechanized harvesting sesame varieties during blooming stage.Compared with Yuzhi NO.11, Yuzhi 619, Yuzhi NS610, and Yuzhi ND837 increased yield by
1005.45, 464.55, and 459.45 kg/hm
2, respectively, with yield increase rates of 51.95%, 24.00%, and 21.13%.Compared with conventional management area, supporting and high efficient production technology demonstration zone of Yuzhi 619 and Yuzhi ND837 increased yield by 429.60 and 386.91 kg/hm
2, with yield increase rate of 27.43% and 23.71%.Average cost saving and efficiency of demonstration zone was
10680 yuan/hm
2.In summary, new sesame variety of suitable machanized harvesting and high efficient supporting cultivation technology have achieved full mechanization of sesame cultivation, improved production efficiency, reduced production costs, and increased benefits.It is recommended to vigorously promote and apply it in Huanghuai sesame production area.