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基于NbS理念的石灰岩碎石矿山生态复绿工程生态效益评价

Ecological benefit evaluation of limestone gravel mine ecologic virescence project based on concept of Nature-based Solutions

  • 摘要: 矿山生态复绿工程是缓解矿山资源开采与环境保护矛盾的重要手段,评估其生态效益是衡量生态修复成效的关键环节。以重庆市高新区楠木沟萌特露天废弃矿山为研究对象,引入基于自然的解决方案(NbS)理念,基于涵养水源、保持土壤、净化环境和净化水质4个维度,对比分析矿山生态复绿工程实施前后的生态效益变化特征。结果表明:①生态复绿工程显著优化了矿区土地利用结构,矿区工矿仓储用地面积占比下降,水域、耕地、林地和园地面积占比提升。其中,工矿仓储用地面积转出50.24 hm2,水域、耕地、园地和林地面积分别转入14.04、11.32、9.29和13.28 hm2。②矿区不同土地利用类型的生态服务效益差异较大。其中,水域的生态价值量占比最高,主要表现为涵养水源效益;其次是林地、园地和耕地。③矿区复绿后生态效益总价值4120万元/a。其中,涵养水源收益4110万元/a,其次是净化水质效益、净化环境效益和保持土壤效益。通过自然恢复为主、人工恢复为辅生态复绿工程的开展,楠木沟露天废弃石灰岩矿矿山涵养水源、保持土壤、净化环境和净化水质的生态效益得到极大提升,有效保护了矿区生态环境,以期为同类矿区环境治理复绿和土地复垦提供参考。

     

    Abstract: Mine ecologic virescence project is crucial for mitigating conflict between mineral resource extraction and environmental protection, and evaluating its ecological benefits is a key aspect of measuring effectiveness of ecological restoration.Taking Mengte abandoned opencast mine in Nanmugou, Chongqing High-tech Industrial Development Zone as research object, concept of "Nature-based Solutions(NbS) was introduced to compare and analyze ecological benefits change characteristics of mining area before and after implementation of ecologic virescence project based on four dimensions, conserving water resources, maintaining water and soil conservation, purifying environment, and purifying water quality.Results showed that ecologic virescence project significantly optimized land use structure of mining area, with a decrease in proportion of industrial, mining and storage land in mining area, and an increase in proportion of water area, cultivated land, forest land, and garden land.Specifically, area of industrial, mining and storage land has been transferred out of 50.24 hm2, while areas of water area, cultivated land, garden land, and forest land have been transferred into 14.04, 11.32, 9.29, and 13.28 hm2.Ecological service benefits of different land-use types in mining areas vary greatly.Ecological value of water area accounts for the highest proportion, which is mainly manifested in benefits of water conservation, followed by forest land, garden land, and cultivated land.Total value of ecological benefits after mine ecologic virescence was 41.2 million yuan/a.Among them, benefits of water conservation was 41.1 million yuan/a, followed by benefits of purifying water quality, purifying environment, and maintaining soil.Through implementation of ecologic virescence project featuring natural restoration as main approach, supplemented by artificial restoration, ecological benefits of abandoned opencast limestone mine in Nanmugou in terms of conserving water resources, maintaining water and soil conservation, purifying environment, and purifying water quality have been significantly enhanced, effectively protecting ecological environment of mining area to provide a reference for environmental governance and land reclamation in similar mining areas.

     

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