中国农业机械化科学研究院集团有限公司 主管

北京卓众出版有限公司 主办

宽幅苗床播前整地机设计与试验

Design and experimente of wide-width seedbed pre-sowing soil preparation machine

  • 摘要: 针对新疆维吾尔自治区(简称新疆)目前所使用的整地机械普遍存在牵引阻力大、土地平整度不达标、工作效率低等问题,设计研发与大功率拖拉机相配套的大型宽幅苗床播前整地机,以适用于现代化整地装备更新换代的实际需求。利用三维建模软件Solidworks中的参数化和特征造型功能建立联合整地机三维整机模型,制作实体样机进行田间性能测试并进行整机模型验证,优化机具平整地工作性能的主要影响因素及确定各因素之间的最佳组合形式。结果表明,在机具行进速度12 km/h、前排缺口耙组偏置角8°、后排圆盘耙组偏置角为10°的条件下,宽幅苗床播前整地机可实现较好的地表平整效果;通过多功能部件组合,实现灭茬、碎土、松耕、整平和镇压等多道工序一次性联合作业,避免重型农机对耕作土壤的反复碾压,减少牵引机具的功率消耗,提高工作效率。宽幅苗床播前整地机作业后表层土壤更加细碎平整,可为后续的苗床整备、干播湿出、滴灌设备铺设和作物生长提供优良的生态环境条件。

     

    Abstract: In view of high traction resistance, substandard land flatness, and low work efficiency found in current soil preparation machinery used in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(abbr.Xinjiang), a large-scale wide-width seedbed pre-sowing soil preparation machine has been designed and developed to complement high-horsepower tractors to meet practical demands of modernization in soil preparation equipment.Three-dimensional model software Solidwworks' parameterization and feature modelling functions were emplyed to establish a three-dimensional complete machine model of combined soil preparation machine.A physical prototype was designed for field performance experiment and model validation, optimizing key factors influencing machine's working performance and determining optimal combination between each factor.Results showed that under conditions of traveling speed of 12 km/h, an offset angle of 8° for gap harrows front row, and an offset angle of 10 ° for disc harrows rear rake row, wide-width seedbed pre-sowing soil preparation machine achieved excellent surface leveling effects.Through multiple multifunctional components combination, wide-width seedbed pre-sowing soil preparation machine realized multiple processes such as stubble removal, soil broken, loosening, leveling, and rolling in a single operation.This avoided heavy agricultural machinery equipment repeatedly compacting cultivated soil, reduce power consumption of tractor, and improved work efficiency.After machine operation, surface soil has became finer and smoother, providing an optimal ecological environment for subsequent seedbed preparation, dry seeding with wet emergence, drip irrigation system installation, and crop growth.

     

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