Abstract: With acceleration of agricultural modernization in China, agricultural mechanization plays a crucial role in enhancing production efficiency, reducing labor costs, and promoting rural revitalization．To meet modern agriculture development needs, education reform in emerging engineering and new agricultural science strives to cultivate interdisciplinary talents equipped with practical operation skills, innovative spirit, and social responsibility．Construction and practice on Agricultural Machinery Cognition and Operation Practice course were introduced, which has integrated theoretical teaching, practical operation, and ideological and political education．Through classroom theoretical learning, scientific research equipment observation, and tractors, tillage machinery, seeders and other implements learning and operation, students' practical ability, innovative awareness, and teamwork spirit were cultivated．Course not only focused on mechanical operation skills, but also seamlessly integrated ideological and political education into teaching process, to inspire students' patriotism, sense of responsibility, and motivation for scientific and technological innovation．Through a series of teaching practices, students enhanced their vocational qualities and overall competence while acquiring professional knowledge．By analyzing teaching design, implementation process, and ideological and political education case studies, practical significance and effectiveness of courses under modern agricultural demand-oriented background were summarized, to provide a reference for agricultural-related universities to offer undergraduate courses on agricultural machinery cognition and operation practice．