Abstract: Rice straw full returning is an effective way for improving soil fertilization and enhancing soil productivity．Addressing issues such as slow initial decomposition during early stage, easily inducing diseases and pests, and increased harmful gases emission, associated with application of rice straw full returning technology, research progress on this technology from perspective of carbon and nitrogen regulation was summarized, including returning technology modes, its impact on soil carbon and nitrogen transformation and crop yields, and development trends of this technology were discussed, to provide valuable references for optimization and improvement of full rice straw returning technology based on carbon and nitrogen regulation．