Abstract: Focusing on biological response mechanism of goldfish to phenolic pollutants．Goldfish were used as test organisms, an static inhalation acute toxicity test via respiratory tract was conducted to deeply analyze effects of phenol solutions at different concentrations on activities of catalase（CAT）, peroxidase（POD）, superoxide dismutase（SOD）, and malondialdehyde（MDA）content in goldfish liver and muscle．Results showed that at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, medium lethal concentration（LC₅₀）of phenol for goldfish was 62.611 mg/L, with a safe concentration of 6.261 mg/L, indicating moderate toxicity．Changes in goldfish movement behavior were closely related to phenol concentration and exposure time, and enzymes in their bodies could serve as effective biomarkers of phenol pollution．Effects of different concentrations of phenol on CAT activities in goldfish liver, and POD and SOD activities in muscle showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing．Complex response process of goldfish antioxidant system to phenol pollution has been revealed, to provide crucial data support for assessment and prevention of phenol pollution in aquatic environments．